The health effects of aldehydes, ketones and metal-containing incense-particles on staffs at temples during incense burning periods. Samples were collected over 7 and 9 working days at A and B temple in Nantou County, 2018. Carbonyl compounds and aerosol samples were collected for 8 h using the solid sorbent tube and 4 impaction stages of Moudi Impactor, respectively. Carbonyl compounds and metal-containing particles were analyzed using a high performance liquid chromatography with UV detector (HPLC/UV) and an inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).Measurement results show that the particles with the highest mass concentrations were PM<1.0 (12.643.99 g/m3) at A temple. The mass ratios of PM10-2.5 to total PM was16.65%5.89%. The PM2.5-1 and PM1 constituted 18.11% and 46.08% of the total PM mass, respectively. Particles with the highest mass by size were PM2.5-1 (7.623.02 g/m3) at B temple. The mass ratios of PM10-2.5 relative to total PM and those of PM1 to total PM were 7.39% and 52.19%, respectively. The mass of total particles at A temple was approximately 1.4 times higher than that at B temple because of incense reduction at B temple. Overall, the mass ratios of PM1 relative to the total particles 46.08 to 52.19%.The most abundant metal elements in all particle sizes on all sampling days were Zn (5.05 g/m3), Pb (0.32 g/m3) and Mn (0.27 g/m3) at A temple. The most abundant metal elements of all fractions were Zn (3.78 g/m3); these were follow by Mn, Cu and Pb with concentrations of 0.22 to 0.29 g/m3 at B temple. The formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, Acrolein and p-methyl benzaldehyde were identified during incense burning periods, the concentrations ranges from 2.75 to 13.05 g/m3. Cancer risks of carcinogenic metals (Cd, Co , Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn and As) in total particles were 8.810-7and 7.010-5 for staffs at A and B temple, respectively. The cancer risk of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and Acrolein did not exceed the 10-6 acceptable level. Significantly, health risk assessment revealed that the risk values (Cr, Ni, Zn and As) for staffs were all above the guidelines of cancer risk (10-6) at two temples, indicating that there are potential cancer risk at the temples workplace during incense burning periods. Therefore, the policy of incense reduction might achieve healthy environments and economic win-win goal.