Holistic education; Spiritual education; Women education; MIMC
摘要
This thesis presents a qualitative instrumental case study of education and focuses on women’s education in socially engaged Buddhist organization in Mahabodhi International Meditation Center MIMC, Ladakh, India. MIMC is the first and only kind that supports women's education and is a socially engaged Buddhist organization founded by Theravada Monk. Ladakh is a dry desert, distant and remote place situated extreme north of India. This thesis also covers the brief history, culture, religion and social status of women and their education in Ladakh and to highlight the background of my study, which is the first case study on MIMC. Though there are various other humanitarian projects running in MIMC beside the women’s education, but women's education and their development have always been the first and pioneer project of MIMC. Though the importance to women is much better in comparison to the other part of Indian society, but by some means in field like education and employment, ladies have not been encouraged to the full extent. Except the not so good quality of education from the government schools, quality education for the poor and underprivileged children from remote areas of Ladakh is not accessible. This case study finds the unique education system of MIMC, which addresses holistic education which helps in promoting knowledge and wisdom for the children; MIMC effectively runs on overall in-out education system. It also encourages a higher level of education for women by special support and carrying out adult women’s literacy projects to uplift the status of women in the society both educationally and spiritually. The research also indicates that such projects carried by MIMC that is effective in helping thousands of children.
目次
ABSTRACT I DEDICATION III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IV CONTENTS V ABBREVIATIONS VIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Motivation 1 1.2. Purpose And Aim 4 1.3. Literature review 5 1.3.1. Historical perspective 5 1.3.2. Buddhist Perspective 6 1.4. Problem Statement 8 1.5. Methodology 9 1.5.1. Privacy And Confidential 10 1.6. Challenges, Solution And Limitation 11 CHAPTER 2: BRIEF HISTORY OF LADAKH, BUDDHISM, EDUCATION &; WOMEN 13 2.1. Brief History of Ladakh 13 2.2. Brief History of Buddhism in Ladakh 17 2.2.1. Tibetan Buddhism in Ladakh 19 2.2.2. Formation of First Buddhist Organization 23 2.3. Education situation in Ladakh 25 2.3.1. Education system in Ladakh 27 2.4. Women In Ladakh 30 2.4.1. Nuns in Ladakh: 32 2.4.2. Women’s education: 34 2.5. Conclusion: 36 CHAPTER 3: THE MAHABODHI INTERNATIONAL MEDITATION CENTER 37 3.1. Founder Of MIMC 37 3.1.1. Engaged Buddhism 42 3.1.2. Mahabodhi International Meditation Centre 44 3.2. Religion 46 3.2.1. Mahabodhi Sambodhi retreat Center 46 3.2.2. Mahabodhi Jetavana Monastery 46 3.2.3. Mahabodhi Nunnery 47 3.3. Health 49 3.3.1. Mahabodhi Old Age Home 49 3.3.2. Mahabodhi Karuna Charitable Hospital 50 3.3.3. Mahabodhi Environmental Project 51 3.4. Education 51 3.4.1. Mahabodhi Residential School 51 3.4.2. Further education project outside of Ladakh 52 3.4.3. Mahabodhi Hostel for Visually–Impaired Children 54 3.4.4. Residential Hostels for Boys and Girls 55 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH PROCEDURE 57 4.1. Research Design 57 4.1.1. Coding 58 4.1.2. Participants 60 4.2. Collection Of Data 62 4.2.1. Semi structured In-depth Interviews 62 4.2.2. Participant Observation 64 4.2.3. Online interviewing 66 4.2.4. Email Questionnaire 66 4.3. Data Analysis 67 4.4. Procedure 69 4.4.1. Researcher’s Roles 71 4.4.2. Validity and Reliability 71 CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH FINDING 74 5.1. Mahabodhi Education System 74 5.1.1. Student Sample Finding 75 5.2. General Student Sample Findings: MIMC And Its Education System 76 5.2.1. Mahabodhi Organization 76 5.2.2. Education system 78 5.2.3. Mahabodhi Education System 82 5.2.4. Holistic Education of Mahabodhi School 86 5.2.5. Spiritual education 90 5.3. Senior and General Staff Finding 94 5.3.1. Mahabodhi Organization and their Important Project 94 5.3.2. Importance of Mahabodhi Education 98 5.3.3. Spiritual education in Mahabodhi School 106 5.4. General Student Sample Findings: MIMC Women Education Project 111 5.4.1. Social and Educational Condition of Women in Ladakh 111 5.4.2. MIMC Focused on Women’s Education 113 5.5. Senior And General Staff Findings: Mimc Focused On Women Education 115 5.5.1. Social and Education Condition of Women in Ladakh 115 5.5.2. MIMC Focused on Girls Education 118 5.5.3. Nuns Education and Spiritual Training in MIMC 121 5.5.4. Further Higher Education for Nuns 122 5.5.5. Project on Adult Women Education as Well as Spiritual Education 123 5.5.6. Spiritual Education for Adult Women 125 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 127 BIBLIOGRAPHY 130 Primary Sources 130 Staff Sample 131 Student Sample: 131 Secondary Sources 132 Websites 134 APPENDICES I 135 APPENDICES I 137
