In Prajnaparamita-hrdaya-sutra, there are in total two hundred and sixty Chinese characters, which is the concentrated of Maha Prajnaparamita sutra of six hundred volumes. Therefore, one may not only master six hundred volumes of Maha Prajnaparamita sutra but also fully appreciate and practice the six pāramitā as long as he becomes completely aware of the righteous meaning of “emptiness (śunyata)” in Prajnaparamita-hrdaya-sutra. One who practices the way of bodhisattva keeps in mind the idea of “emptiness of human beings”, “emptiness of dharma(beings)”, “emptiness of the world”, “emptiness of nirvna” and the type of his behavior outside in this world must be “not tired of life and death”, “not pleased with nirvana”. The present thesis firstly confirms that the times of rising of the Prajnaparamita-hrdaya-sutra, even Maha Prajnaparamita sutra and other concerned scriptures of the systems of prajna and that they are attributed to the system of emptiness (śunyata). Then it points out the theory of the system of emptiness and then discloses the truth of emptiness (śunyata) as it is, the reality of whole universe, the ultimate emptiness as the highest principle of Buddhism. Furthermore, it reveals the essence, function and value of wisdom (prajna) emptiness (śunyata). To study emptiness(śunyata), we should cut in from dependent origination. Samyuktāgama(Pali Samyutta-nikāya) Vol.12 says: “It is very deep, what we call dependent origination, it is much deeper to realize.” Only the very deep wisdom (prajna) could realize the very deep dependent origination. The dependent origination discloses the contents of non-birth and nirvana. The dependent origination emptiness sets up all things (dharma) with non-resident (non-self, asvabhva). The dependent origination emptiness forms the reincarnation (karma) and also is the key of relief (moksa). The present thesis also explains the misunderstandings of the righteous meaning of emptiness in Prajnaparamita-hrdaya-sutra, including: 1. The six sects and seven factions in Wei and Jin Dynasties misunderstand the righteous meaning of emptiness. 2. Seng Zhao’s Theory of Unreality as Emptiness breaks the misunderstandings of the righteous meaning of emptiness from the six sects and seven factions. 3. The late inferior comers of three schools of Mahayana Buddhism misunderstand the righteous meaning of emptiness. 4. Being afraid of the emptiness is because of the misunderstanding of the meaning of emptiness as void. It also denotes the problems, causes and actual examples of the explanatory on the righteous meaning of emptiness in Prajnaparamita-hrdaya-sutra. In conclusion, firstly it summarizes all the problems of the present thesis, explaining that the translation of Buddhism scriptures began from the late years of Western Han dynasty in China. But, it was by Seng Zhao in Wei and Jin dynasties that the righteous meaning of emptiness (śunyata) was really forwarded out. Before then, in China the meaning of scriptures of Buddhis
