國小教師線上教學的壓力及適應之研究：以心理資本及創新教學為調節變項=A Research of Elementary School Teachers' Online Teaching Pressure and Adaption: Psychological Capital and Innovation Teaching as Moderaing Variables
因新冠肺炎三級警戒期間，迫使各級學校必須將教學轉為線上進行，無形中也可能增加教師的壓力。本研究旨在了解疫情期間國小教師線上教學壓力（含教學與輔導、行政壓力、時間壓力及親師關係）對適應（內在、工作與人際適應）的影響，並以心理資本及創新教學為調節變項，深究其對線上教學壓力與適應之關係產生的影響。本研究以新竹市國小教師為對象，採用分層抽樣方式進行問卷調查，有效問卷共計 200 份。 結果發現： 1.教師的線上教學壓力與教師適應呈現負相關，即教師的線上教學壓力越大，適應越差。 2.心理資本能調節教師線上教學壓力對適應的影響，亦即心理資本較高者，能弱化教學壓力對適應的負面影響。 3.創新教學能調節教師線上教學壓力對適應的影響，亦即教師具備越高的創新教學效能者，能弱化教學壓力對適應的負面影響。文末，本研究根據上述研究結果，提出相關建議，以供未來研究及教育現場教師實務參考。 Due to COVID-19 pandemic, most schools have adopted online teaching, which increases teachers’ job pressure. The research investigates the effect of elementary school teachers’ online teaching pressure, which includes teaching and counseling, administrative pressure, time pressure, and the relationship between parents and teachers, on adaptation. (intra-personal adjustment, job adjustment interpersonal adjustment) also, psychological capital and innovation teaching as moderating variables have influences on online teaching pressure and adaptation. The participants in this study were elementary school teachers in Hsinchu City. Based on stratified random sampling, there were 200 valid questionnaires. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The results show negative coorelation between teachers’ online teaching pressure and teachers’ psychological adjustment. The higer pressure teachers give lessons online, the worse adaptation they could adjust. (2) Psychological capital can moderate the effect of teachers’ online teaching to adjustment. In conclusion, those with higher psychological capital are able to minimize the negative impact of teaching stress on adaptation. (3) Innovation teaching can moderate the effect of teachers’ online teaching to adjustment. In conclusion, the higher the effectiveness of teachers in innovative teaching, the more they can reduce the negative impact of teaching stress on adaptation. To conclude, it is hoped that the results can serve as relevant practical suggestions for educators and teachers in the future.
