十世紀東亞佛教王權與禮儀空間：以日本平安朝的京都仁和寺與醍醐寺為中心=Buddhist Kingship and Ritual Space in East Asia in the 10th Century: Focused on the Ninna-ji and Daigo-ji in Kyoto in Heian Japan
This paper focused on Ninna-ji 仁和寺 and Daigo-ji 醍醐寺 to discuss how and why the Japanese government construct Buddhist kingship and ritual space by means of building these temples in Heian period. The manuscripts and sacred goods carried by monk Kūkai were vital resources for monk Kangen to practice Esoteric Buddhist rituals in Japan. During the reign of Emperor Uda and Emperor Daigo, the idea of Buddhist kingship by Kūkai was underscored by Japanese government. Meanwhile, Esoteric Buddhism also shaped new ritual space in capital Kyoto. In the beginning of Heian period, Tō-ji was the most important temple to protect the state and the emperors of Japan by means of practicing Esoteric Buddhist rituals. In the 9th to 10th century, Ninna-ji and Daigo-ji, supported by Japanese emperors, were the new space for them to practice Esoteric rituals to protect the body of emperors and the land of Japan.
