日治時期臺灣的新佛教運動—以《南瀛佛教》所見佛教改革倡議者為中心=The New Buddhism Movement in Taiwan During Japanese Colonial Period: Focusing on the Advocates of Buddhism Reformation in Nan-ying Buddhism
近代台灣佛教=Modern Taiwan Buddhism; 新佛教運動=The New Buddhism Movement; 南瀛佛教=Nan-ying Buddhism; 佛教菁英=Buddhist Elites; 近代日本佛教=Modern Japanese Buddhism
摘要
近代東亞各國，包含日本、韓國、中國與臺灣，均出現「新佛教運動」。所謂的新佛教運動，是指出現一批自稱 自認有別於舊佛教的「新佛教徒」，基於批判「具有朽腐習慣的舊佛教」，務求革新只在意面對木像佛畫唱名念佛「圖具瀕死形式的舊佛教」、只期待現世利益的「迷信舊佛教」、只強調來世卻絲毫不管現實世界義務與正義的「厭世的舊佛教」，以及實際上並未實踐佛教教義的「空想的舊佛教」。「新佛教」的目標是消弭從舊佛教而來的迷信、俗信，從而建立基於理性理解佛教 義理與歷史事實而來的「新信仰」， 並基於此一目標推動一系列「復興 振興」佛教的舉措。 日治時期的臺灣佛教發展，不僅是被動的接受日本來臺僧人的教化與影響，此時期的臺灣佛教界也出現一批大聲疾呼、力圖改革的佛教青年，他們接受「新式」佛教僧伽的培育，對於佛教的教義、活動，以及面對時代、社會應該扮演的角色，均與過往有所不同。他們的出現，與日本佛教宗派隨著政治統治的需求進入臺灣有密切關係。他們所經歷與接受的影響，是明治以來佛教在面對政治變動、西方宗教與思想挑戰下，所做出的回應。 本文將以日治時期佛教界發聲的代表刊物《南瀛佛教》中出現的佛教改革文章為核心，考察相關倡議者、佛教改革議題的變遷，並探究其間所涉及的日台佛教網絡與時代思潮。 In modern East Asian, including Japan, Korea, China, and Taiwan, " The New Buddhism Movement" emerged. The goal of " The New Buddhism Movement " is to eliminate superstitions and common beliefs from old Buddhism, so as to establish a "new belief" based on a rational understanding of Buddhist principles and historical facts, and based on this goal to promote a series of "revival/rejuvenation" Buddhism. The Buddhism in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period not only passively accepted the enlightenment and influence of the Japanese monks who came to Taiwan, but also a group of young Buddhists who spoke out and tried to reform in the Buddhist circles of Taiwan during this period. They accepted the cultivation of the "New" Buddhist Sangha, the teachings and activities of Buddhism, as well as the role it should play in the face of the times and society, are different from those in the past. The influence they experienced and accepted was the response of Buddhism in the face of political changes and the challenges of Western religion and thought since the Meiji era. This article will focus on the articles about Reformation of Buddhism that appeared in Nan-ying Buddhism, a representative publication of the Buddhist community during the Japanese colonial period, examine the relevant writers, the changes in Buddhist reform issues, and explore the Japanese and Taiwan Buddhist networks and times involved.
