何似秦時𨍏轢鑽—三峰派禪僧之多元著作與意涵=The Transformation of “Du-le Drill in the Qin Dynasty”: Explanation on Works of Masters of Sanfeng Lineage Relating to Textual Diversity
清代禪宗=Chan Buddhism of Qing Dynasty; 臨濟宗三峰派=Sanfeng lineage of Linji School; 禪僧系譜=Genealogy of Chan; 文字禪=Wen'zi Chan; 禪修=Chan practice
摘要
在禪宗不立文字與文字禪之論辯中有以 「 秦時 轢鑽 」、「 雜毒海 」 等批判禪門使用語言文字，認為對修行而言不但無用，甚且有害。然而，明末清初臨濟宗三峰派內不乏文采斐然之逃禪遺民，留下了思想精彩之各類著作，也傳承了數量可觀之法嗣；該派禪僧著作豐富而多元之表現，似為引導禪眾修行之助力而非阻力。晚近 就新出文獻探討三峰派思想者多以禪師個人思想為主，本研究擬以三峰派為主軸，透過交叉比對中華佛學研究所「中國佛寺志資料庫」、法鼓文理學院「人名規範資料庫」，長谷部幽蹊、曹剛華等既有明清僧傳與著作研究資料以及新出文獻，重新梳理三峰派十四代 497名法嗣系譜，逐一核實校訂、系統化彙整該派禪僧著作，並歸納為語錄、燈錄史傳、禪鍛與綱宗論述、經論注疏、詩文集、感應錄、懺本行法及其他等類別，進而探究其多元化文本所形塑之三峰派思想與意涵。本文主要貢獻如下：一、提出三峰派十四代法嗣系譜。二、重新考訂、增補三峰派著作清單。三、透過 各類多元文本重新審視三峰派思想之輪廓與樣貌。四、分析三峰派禪僧多元文本表現彰顯之活用特色，於晚明清初禪門棒喝與綱宗、語句等文字禪論辯脈絡下之意涵。 Whether to employ verbal or written words as assistance in Chan practice has always been controversial. Using "a Du-le Drill of the Qin dynasty" as a metaphor, Wenzi Chan has been criticized as invalid and harmful methods by those who advocated "not establishing written words". Nevertheless, during the late Ming and Qing dynasty, masters of the Sanfeng Lineage transmitted a mass of dharma-heirs as well as abundant textural works. This paper examines newly discovered scriptures, cross-verifying the "Digital Archive of Chinese Buddhist Temple Gazetteers" and "Buddhist Studies Person Authority Databases", and then analyzes the textual diversity and meaning of works attributed to masters of Sanfeng Lineage. This paper provides a genealogy of the Sanfeng lineage, including 14 generations and 497 dharma heirs. Besides, it compiled a list of publications and works classified into categories: recorded sayings, lamp transmission stories, principles and essentials of chan practice, commentary on sutra, collections of poems and literature, repentance scripture, etc. Moreover, instead of focusing on individual master's thoughts as preliminary studies have shown, this paper investigates the thoughts of the Sanfeng lineage expressed in diverse scriptures and further illustrates the meaning of diversity. Finally, it explained why masters of Sanfeng Lineage could play both roles of prolific authors and excellent instructors of Chan, involving flexible and diverse expediencies in Chan practice that help pupils to manifest their mind.
