Ever since Thích Nhất Hạnh moved to France and established Plum Village in the 1980s, his modernist movement under the banner of "Engaged Buddhism" has been combined with a movement for the localization of Buddhism in the West, because Plum Village's dharma endeavors have been advanced primarily in a cross-cultural context. This study examines three major issues that Plum Village had to deal with in order to take root in Western society. One is the problem of presentation, i.e., how to articulate the basic concepts and requirements of Buddhism to contemporary Western people. The second is the issue of organization, i.e., how to accomplish effective faithful mobilization, organize collective activities, and build a sustainable sangha. The third is the question of practice, i.e., how to design and teach achievable liberation techniques that are adapted to the needs of contemporary individuals. In all three areas, Thích Nhất Hạnh has engaged in a highly creative practice in Plum Village, thus forming a unique model of contemporary Buddhist transationalization.
