After Buddhism introduced to China, it became common respected religious belief for government and public at that time rapidly. However, the Rise and Fall of Buddhism was effected by turnover of imperial power and different perspectives of each emperor under autocratic monarchy. Some of them led to prosperity of Buddhism but some of them turned Buddhism at that time to total destruction. For example, “Four emperors’ Buddhism exclusion” was the most well-known “persecution of Buddhism”. Except for political forces, introduction of Buddhism triggered Confucian scholars protest based on the worries that Confucianism might be marginalized. Thus, Han yu, famous scholar from Tang dynasty and OuyangXiu, great Confucian from Song dynasty both argued about the alien origin of Buddhism and its inferiority versus native Chinese culture. “Defense of Buddhism” created by Chang Shang-ying is the response to above attacks. Chang Shang-ying, word Tianjue, known as Wu Jin Recluse was from Shu province of Northern Song dynasty. Extremely against Buddhaism in his early years, only after self experienced Dharma supernaturalism and the understanding of Mahayana Buddhism, turned him to a devout believer. Furthermore, based on his familiarity with Confucianism, he created “Defense of Buddhism” in response to Confucians to clarify that Dharma’s main theme is actually connected with Confucianism, values same ethics in emperor/courtier and father/son relationships. Also, Buddhism is not related to academic level but life in order to save sentient beings from their sufferings. Literature analytic method was applied on this research and we reached following findings: 1. From Chang Shang-ying’s historical evaluation, we see rareness of his “Defense of Buddhism”. 2. Chang Shang-ying’s “Defense of Buddhism” challenged the mainstream supremacy of Confucianism. 3. Chang Shang-ying’s “Defense of Buddhism” challenged the existing unique and dominating ideological framework of Confucianism. 4. From Chang Shang-ying’s “Defense of Buddhism”, we understood seemingly personal practice Theravada Mahayana indeed.
