禪宗=Zazen Buddhism=Zen Buddhism=Son Buddhism=Chan Buddhism; Zen Buddhism; Son Buddhism
摘要
Four different instances of philosophical and religious practices in the East and in the West are presented within their own intellectual and cultural frames and then juxtaposed with discourses within and outside their traditions: (1) Hegel's understanding of Buddhism--in his philosophy of religion--exemplifies the European rationalist metaphysical framing of the East and is re-evaluated in deconstructive terms. (2) Pojo Chinul's hwadu meditation is situated within the development of his thought and reconsidered in the light of Soren Kierkegaard's notion of anxiety, Maurice Merleau-Ponty's concept of interrogation, and Julia Kristeva's theory of the semiotic and the symbolic. (3) Chinul's Hwaom theory and its relation to hwadu is reinterpreted in connection with Jean-Francois Lyotard's account of modernity and the postmodern. (4) Modern Buddhist reform agendas (as proposed by Manhae and Sot'aesan's Won Buddhism) are juxtaposed with the role and limitations of traditional Son Buddhist thought and practice.
By placing the concept of framing in the foreground and juxtaposing different discourses from Asia and Europe, this dissertation offers a "practice" of deconstruction and serves as "evidence" of how Western grand narratives are nearing endgame. Through its totalitarian vision of modernism, the West has assumed a privileged position in various attempts at an East-West dialogue. A new form of a dialogue in the postmodern era should reveal "differences" in perspectives, and these "differences" would not be preconditioned by value judgments from one side or the other.
目次
Abbreviations x Acknowledgments xii Pre-lude: A Frame 1 Introduction: Framing the frame 10 FRAME ONE: BUDDHISM IN EUROPE 1. The Buddha in Europe 26 (1) How Many Buddhas are there? (2) I am the Buddha (3) Constructing the Buddha 2. Nothingness: Hegel's Buddha 49 (1) Buddhism and European Metaphysics (2) Hegel's Itinerary (3) Transmigration of Geist (4) Hegel, Heidegger, and the Heart Sutra on Nothing (5) Which part of the world do you come from? (6) Border Line: between Fiction and Truth FRAME TWO: CH'AN/ SŏN LANGUAGE 1. In Search of Ch'an Language 115 (1) The Four Noble Truths and the Logic of Interconnectedness (2) Two Levels of Truth, Multi-layered Meaning (3) Turn the Lotus, Turn Your Language 2. Sen Language: the Case of Chinul's Hwadu 132 (1) Chinul and Kanhwa Sŏn (2) Chinul's Hwadu Meditation (3) Hwadu and Language of Anxiety (4) Hwadu and the Art of Interrogation (5) Hwadu and Indecidability of the Semiotic and the Symbolic Inter-lude: Différance and Anxiety 174 FRAME THREE: DECONSTRUCTION AND BUDDHISM 1. Reading Buddhism Reading Deconstruction 195 (1) Three Paradigms (2) De-constructing the Orient (3) Who owns deconstruction? 2. Hwaŏm and Hwadu in Chinul: a Postmodern Reading 220 (1) Chinul's Itinerary (2) Chinul's Hwaŏm Doctrine and its Anxiety (3) Sasa muae and the future anterior (4) Let's dream on... FRAME FOUR: BUDDHISM IN THE MODERN AGE -- The New Buddhist Movements and Their Effects 259 (1) Religious Conflict or Religious Anxiety (2) Buddhist Reform Movements: a Paradigm (3) Won Buddhism and Identity Formation of New Buddhism (4) Manhae and Buddhist Socio-economic Engagement (5) Modernity, Nation, and Religion Conclusion: East-West Dialogue -- is it happening? 289 1. The Other Side of Modernity (1) a happy despair (2) universal emancipation or universal enslavement 2. The Postmodern and the Logic of the Stranger (1) the logic of the stranger (2) the Buddha, the rebel 3. East-West Dialogue-- is it happening?
