內在超越與完全他者：星雲大師人間佛教思想的特質及其他=Immanent-transcendence and the Concept of All for Others: The Characteristics of Venerable Master Hsing Yun’s Humanistic Buddhist Thought
This paper argues that with the further development of modernization, the optimistic and prevalent theory that modernity emerged in the West, and from thence replicated throughout the world, is incorrect. The differentiation and diversified developments of developing countries have given rise to multiple patterns. Thus, the notion of “multiple modernities” has arisen in scholarly and general discourse. This paper also argues that scholars who support the theory of multiple modernity must return to the Axial Civilizations to provide it with a solid foundation and reconstitution. This paper’s author characterizes the spirit of modernity as the immanent breakthrough, and suggests an understanding of modernity founded on the principles of Axial Civilizations.
Venerable Master Hsing Yun has developed a mode of immanent-transcendence. Namely, the immanent-transcendence of Humanistic Buddhism, which suggests that everybody’s liberation can and must be achieved through the continual practice of self-awakening and helping others. The author of this paper concludes the logic and legitimacy of the claim that immanent-transcendence is the only way to solve the crisis of modernity and develop Humanistic Buddhism.
