跨界藝術傳達的潛在心理認知：以張大千居士與夏荊山居士之高仕圖（1961 年）為分析=Latent Cognition Conveyed Through Trans-boundary Art: With Case Studies on Paintings of Gentlemen by Zhang Daqian and Xia Jing Shan（1961）
Visual images could be used to illustrate an artist’s latent cognition, and the art of Chinese calligraphy and painting could be regarded as reflections of such cognition, which could be used to explore the person’s psychological experiences, leading to various interpretations on the person’s psychological journey and experiences. This paper examines"paintings of gentlemen" by Xia Jing Shan, and begins by referencing the iceberg theory:With the iceberg theory used as a metaphor for the subconscious, with its seven layers introduced. The innermost layer in a normal person – latent cognition – could serve as the motivational driver and cause behind a person’s explicit behaviors. The second section consists of analysis on the latent cognition conveyed through trans-boundary art: The painter’s psychological latent cognition could impact the images and words created, with the artist seeking for an outlet to release inner sentiments. This study conducts contextualized analysis on the art of Chinese calligraphy and painting, with symbols of the Self observed, which leads to the proposal of the art of Chinese calligraphy and painting as an approach for conveying latent cognition. The third section looks into the characteristics of latent cognition’s impact observed in"paintings of gentlemen": The characteristics of latent cognition’s impact can be categorized into: indirectness taking precedence over directness; artistic impression over qualities of logic;abstraction over practicality, with art applied to convey inner essence and to express latent impressions and ambiguous scenarios, seeking to attain a state of spiritual purity. Through the visual appreciation of calligraphy and painting, interactions with the viewers are expanded, achieving spiritual exchanges through expressing one’s latent cognition. Fourthly, analysis on the latent cognition conveyed through the trans-boundary art of"paintings of gentlemen" is conducted: Analysis on latent cognition could be divided into reevaluation of life’s issues; visual depiction of ethereal paradise; and reflection on the imaginative space of spiritual wandering. Using ―paintings of gentlemen‖ as example, such trans-boundary art conveys the artist’s latent cognition and shows the artist’s imaginative inner utopia. Conclusion: By comparing renditions of the "painting of gentlemen" created in 1961 by Zhang Daqian and Xia Jing Shan, this paper explores how their calligraphy and paintings are integrated with their personal realizations on life, as they pursued to unify latent cognition with their external art, which have resulted in distinctive creative outcomes.
