「佛化」還是「化佛」: 從佛化新青年運動 看佛教改革的悖反難題=Buddhacization or Changing Buddhism: Paradox in Innovation of Buddhism from Movement of Buddhacization of the New Youth
Since modern times, movements of innovation of Buddhism,including “New Buddhacization”, “New Buddhist Monk”, “LifeBuddhism”, “New Buddhism” and so on, rose one after another.They sprung up strongly and failed down rapidly. Movement of Buddhacization of the New Youth, which grew up during 1920s, was in fashion for a period and lasted five years. However, there are many problems in current research such as different expressions and confused statements in the time, progress and participants of this movement because of the mixed use of ways of numbering the years in the The Young Men’s Buddhist Monthly and the retirement of Zhang Zongzai and Ning Dayun who were the core leaders. On the basis of wide collection of information, this essay attempts to clarify some doubtful points and arguments in the movement of Buddhacization of the New Youth, and to reveal the primary cause which based on paradox between Buddhacization or Changing Buddhism: Buddhacization, the original idea is to guide the way of the world and the heart of a human being with Buddhism. That is close to the Changing Buddhism which main point is to clear up the superior characteristic argumentation and manifestation. Therefore, the movement was faced with criticism, that used the pretext to Buddhacization and factually changed the Buddhism, and finally lead to fail, when promoted and practiced the Buddhacization. This is not only the paradox that hardly solved in movement of Buddhacization of the New Youth, but also the common difficulty of all the movements of innovation of Buddhism, and a problem need solving in the contemporary Humanistic Buddhism movement.