This study mainly discusses the impacts and dilemmas brought about by the ageing, low birth-rate, and a tremendous problem of the declining number of people in the current society the Buddhist Sangha Community are facing with, especially such caring problems as the ageing and the diseases in the modern sangha society. This study will have 13 bhikkhunī interviewed in a semi-structured way, and analyze and summarize the problems they have ever encountered in the process of the actual in-person care. Through the interpretation of the interview contents will the theory and the statements of this study be constructed. The study has found that although the 13 bhikkhunī interviewees possessing the five-virtue disposition in this study have something compassionate in common, there are quite different reasons for them to participate in the job, such as altruism, concepts of the hospice care, and professional knowledge and skills with which they devoted themselves to the project. In addition, they also agree the concept that cooperation is a definite must among bhikkhunī when engaging in this caring field. However, with the time passing by, there have been inevitably six kinds of difficulties encountered in the actual care: (1) shortage of the manpower and funds; (2) poor cooperation with the sick; (3) different beliefs from the family members of the sick; (4) conflicts between Buddhist disciplines and medical regulations; (5) a lot more members who live alone and who become monks or nuns when they are almost middle-aged or even old-aged; (6) the effects to encourage or comfort the patients varying from person to person. From the subjective standpoints of the research participants, the Buddhist Sangha Community should establish a health care system that had better include medical funds, public health insurance for Sangha individuals, and the professional caregiver training. As for the Buddhist temples with only a few people living in it, a united and cooperative approach should be adopted. Besides, the idle spaces should be developed into a long-term care community center. As far as the living-alone elders are concerned, the Sangha Care Network is supposed to be established through the Internet to promote the concept of manpower time banking and to make a perfect plan for the establishment of a Sangha care institution in the future.
