Formation of idea, sometimes comes from many aspects of fusion and exchange. Comparative research for the idea of "non-killing" in Early Buddhism usually needs to look at its era as a background. How exactly did Buddha's "non-killing" idea come into being? What kind of Indian culture cultivated the "non-killing" idea and what kind of religious faith became the spirit of "non-killing" idea? To find out the spirit of "non-killing" idea in Early Buddhism, one has to look at the cultural background of ancient India, where "Manusmrti" doctrines and "Jainism"-a syncronous communion with "Buddha-śāsana" served as great references and important roles to such thinking in that era. Following the timeframe, this thesis starts from the "Jainism" communion in ancient India, to the "non-killing" idea in Early Buddhism. Also the discussion of doctrines in "Manusmrti" related to this thinking are kernelled in this thesis as well. This thesis intends to provide an integrated analysis of the "non-killing" idea from four "āgama sutranta-pitaka" doctrines, including the Buddha-preached "Sajyuktāgama" the " Madhyamāgama" the "Dīrghāgama" and the "Ekottarikāgama" etc., in Early Buddhism era. As for the "Jainism" this thesis focuses on its rigid "Ahimsa" precept. This thesis also tries to figure out how "Manusmrti" doctrines, built up fundamentally based on Veda's highly valued ritualism, could advocate the "non-killing" idea at the same time, in order to further comprehend the idea under ancient Indian cultural background. With integrated introduction, analysis, and research, hope this thesis make better senses of the comparative research for the idea of "non-killing" and its primary notions, to clear confusion and enhance understanding.
