Satyadvayavatara was a Madhyamika work written by Athisa (980-1054) in reply to a question asked by Guruphala, the king of Srivijaya. The paper aim to explore the significance of the work to Srivijayan Buddhism from philological and historical perspective. The philological exploration include the original language (in Malay or Sanskrit?) and the date of the work has been written down, and historically the paper explore the question has been raised by Guruphala, the philosophical standpoint of Athisa's answer from Mahayana Buddhism, and the implication of Srivijayan Buddhism in general.
