The author is the professor of philosophy and religion, American University.
關鍵詞
Pojo Chinul; Li Tongxuan; Chan/Sŏn Buddhism; Hwaŏm-Sŏn
摘要
Pojo Chinul (普照知訥 1158-1210) is known as the founder of Korean Chan/Sŏn(禪) Buddhism. Kanhwa Sŏn (看話禪), which Chinul introduced in the last stage of his life, has been the main form of Sŏn practice in Korea until today. Chinul was also keenly interested in Huayan Buddhism, agonized over the relationship between Sŏn and Huayan Buddhism, and finally concluded that the Buddha’s mind (Sŏn Buddhism) and patriarchs’ teachings (Huayan Buddhism) cannot come into conflict with each other. His Huayan Buddhism was especially influenced by Li Tongxuan (李通玄 635-730), the Chinese lay Huayan Buddhist. Chinul’s acknowledgement of Huayan Buddhism as a valid companion for the Sŏn practitioner, however, faced a challenge in recent years. T’oeong Sŏngch’ŏl (退翁性徹 1912-1993), one of the most influential Sŏn masters in Korea in the second half of the twentieth century, criticized Chinul as a heretic in the Sŏn tradition, defining Chinul’s Sŏn Buddhism with a derogatory expression Huayan-Sŏn, a Sŏn amalgamated with Huayan Buddhism. In this paper, I examine the nature of Chinul’s Huayan Buddhism and the influence of Li Tongxuan on Chinul. In doing so, I challenge the validity of Sŏngch’ŏl’s criticism of Chinul and demonstrate the importance of Huayan Buddhism not only in Chinul’s Buddhism but in Korean Sŏn Buddhism in general.
目次
1.Huayan-Chan and Heretics 332 2.Chan and Huayan in Chinul 333 3.Chinul’s Sŏn Buddhism and Li Tongxuan’s Huayan Buddhism 336 4.Conclusion: Sŏn, Hwaŏm, and Buddhism in Context 340
