袈裟下的紅塵之心——少年出家眾還俗之生命歷程研究=The Heart of the Mortal World Under the Kaseya - A Study on the Life Course of a Young Monk and a Buddhist Returning to the World
出家=ordination; 還俗=reintegration into secular life; 沙彌=novice monk; 生命歷程=life trajectory
摘要
本文探討年輕僧人在出家及還俗過程中的心理與社會適應問題，並且從佛教與心理學的角度分析。動機源於研究者對年輕人出家與還俗的過程表示好奇。研究旨在理解受訪者出家與還俗的需求層次，探討年輕僧人如何面對七情六慾，以及佛教信仰者將僧人神聖化帶來的影響。研究方法採用質性分析，以半結構式訪談六位曾經出家的受訪者，並畫出受訪者們的生命歷程圖。研究限制包括樣本代表性、研究者主觀偏見及時間成本限制。本研究得出以下發現：將出家人神聖化造成的認知偏差，以及現實與理想的落差，並且說明生涯認同在僧人生命歷程中的重要性。研究亦以馬斯洛需求層次理論分析受訪者的出家與還俗的原因，揭示社會需求、尊重需求及自我實現需求的不同層次。最後，建議未來研究可進行長期追蹤、多方面研究，並且深入探討特定主題，以豐富對於本次研究目標人群的理解。 This article delves into the psychological and social adaptation of a formerly ordained young Buddhist monk transitioning back to secular life, employing both Buddhist and psychological frameworks for analysis. The impetus for this inquiry stems from the researcher's intrigue regarding the intricate process of a young monk's departure from monastic life. Through qualitative analysis, primarily utilizing semi-structured interviews, this research endeavors to scrutinize the interviewee monk's hierarchy of needs, emotional states, desires, and the impact of venerating monks within the Buddhist community. Key findings of this investigation encompass the misperceptions arising from the sanctification of monastic practitioners, the disjunction between perceived ideals and lived realities, and the significance of occupational recognition in the monk's existential trajectory. Furthermore, the study undertakes an examination of the interviewees' motivations for ordination through the lens of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, revealing variegated manifestations of social, esteem, and self-actualization needs. Study limitations encompass challenges pertaining to sample representativeness, researcher bias, and time constraints. It is recommended that forthcoming research endeavors adopt methodologies such as longitudinal tracking, multidimensional analyses, and comprehensive investigations into specific themes to augment comprehension of the target demographic.
