臺灣=Taiwan; 佛教=Buddhism; 佛寺=Buddhist Temples; 主殿=Main Hall
摘要
近年臺灣儼然成為全世界佛教中心之一，然針對臺灣佛教歷史、佛教藝術等議題者多，闡述「佛寺主殿空間形式構成意涵與變遷」之相關研究則少；部分著重「佛教建築」外觀相關研究，無法傳達其內部蘊含深厚佛法精神與人文意涵，想更深一層闡釋 其實際內涵，為本研究之主要動機。 研究目的:: 一、探討臺灣佛寺主殿空間形式構成意涵與變遷的現象。 二、探討臺灣佛寺主殿隨著時空轉換，產生變遷的原因。 透過文獻回顧法資料蒐集、案例調查法與專家訪談，進一步闡述傳統佛教建築，進入現代新舊交替，瞭解歷史上佛教建築與日後佛殿建構等，有一定借鑑意義。本研究首先透過文獻瞭解漢傳佛教主殿連結方式，分為整體配置、建築外觀、空間形式與法像法器等架構，並建立解析方法。其次將臺灣從清領至當代佛教寺院發展分為四期，並就前述架構進行解析，探究其中主殿變遷從傳統到現代的實際變化以及影響臺灣佛寺主殿變遷背後的原因。 研究結果發現:佛教信仰體系經過長期流佈，佛殿空間構成與變遷是持續不斷且多元多樣貌的，反映在社會經濟、宗教文化等因素的變化，滿足現今社會的佛教信仰。 一、臺灣佛寺主殿空間形式構成意涵與變遷的現象 (一)空間形式構成—1.中軸對稱布局。2.三進式天井與庭園布局。3.佛龕須彌臺座蘊含的宇宙觀。4.主殿與法像法器「以像表法」。 (二)空間意涵—1.宗教意涵的空間象徵。2.文化意涵的建築藝術。3.社會意涵反映社會變遷與現代化應用。 (三)變遷現象—1.歷史與文化融合。2.現代化因應。3.宗教融合與創新。 二、臺灣佛寺主殿隨著時空轉換，產生變遷的原因 (一)歷史背景與宗教發展—1.移民與本土化融合。2.日治時期帶入和風建築與現代化建築技術。3.戰後國民政府遷臺，帶入結合傳統中國元素與現代技術，形成新的佛寺建築形式。 (二)社會經濟與政府政策—1.經濟繁榮。2.都市化進程。3.文化資產保護政策。4.宗教自由開放蓬勃發展。 (三)建築技術與設計理念創新—1.現代化技術產生高層建築與大跨度結構。2.新式建材應用，提供創新技術與變化選擇。 臺灣佛教主殿空間形式構成雖歷經千變萬化，蘊含深刻意涵始終如一，形式改變、精神不變。沒有一成不變的事物，只有合乎時宜，順應當下時節因緣與時俱進，如此即為臺灣佛教主殿空間的真實意涵與價值。 In recent years, Taiwan has become one of the centers of Buddhism in the world. However, there are many studies on the history of Buddhism and Buddhist art in Taiwan, but few studies on "the meaning and changes of the spatial form of the main hall of Buddhist temples"; some of them focus on the appearance of "Buddhist architecture". Relevant research cannot convey the profound Buddhist spirit and humanistic connotation contained within it. The main motivation of this study is to further explain its practical connotation. Research purposes: 1. To explore the meaning and changes in the spatial form of the main hall of Taiwanese Buddhist temples. 2. Discuss the reasons why the main hall of Taiwanese Buddhist temples has changed with the change of time and space. Through literature review, case investigation, and expert interviews, this paper further elaborates on traditional Buddhist architecture, enters the transition between old and new in modern times, and understands historical Buddhist architecture and future Buddhist temple construction, etc., which has certain reference significance. This study first uses literature to understand the connection methods of the main temples of Chinese Buddhism, which are divided into structures such as overall configuration, architectural appearance, spatial form, and religious objects, and establishes an analytical method. Secondly, the development of Buddhist temples in Taiwan from the Qing Dynasty to contemporary times is divided into four phases., and analyze the aforementioned structure to explore the actual changes in the main hall from tradition to modernity and the reasons behind the changes in the main hall of Taiwanese Buddhist temples. Research conclusion: After a long period of spread of the Buddhist belief system, the spatial composition and changes of the Buddhist temple are continuous and diverse, reflected in changes in socioeconomic, religious and cultural factors, and satisfy the Buddhist beliefs in today's society. 1.The meaning and changes in the spatial form of the main hall of Taiwanese Buddhist temples: (1)Spatial form composition—Ⅰ.Central axis symmetrical layout.Ⅱ. Three-entry patio and garden layout.Ⅲ.The cosmology contained in the Xumi pedestal of the Buddhist niche.Ⅳ. The main hall and Dharma statues and instruments "represent the Dharma with images." (2) Spatial meaning-Ⅰ.Space symbol with religious meaning.Ⅱ.Architectural art with cultural implications. Ⅲ.Social implications reflect social changes and modern applications. (3)Change phenomenon - Ⅰ.Integration of history and culture.Ⅱ.Modernization response.Ⅲ.Religious integration and innovation. 2.The reasons why the main hall of Taiwanese Buddhist temples changed with the change of time and space: (1) Historical background and religious development--Ⅰ.Integration of immigration and localization.Ⅱ. During the Japanese colonial pe
