慈濟音樂手語劇需求感受研究－以「無量義法髓頌經藏演繹」表演文本為例=A Study on the Audience Viewing Needs Perception of Tzu Chi Operatic Sign Language- The Case of Performing Textual Analysis of Sutra Adaptation
慈濟=Tzu Chi Foundation; 音樂手語劇=Sign Language Musical Drama; 手語=Sign Language; 經藏演繹=Sutra Adaptation; 需求理論=Maslow’s theory of needs
摘要
本研究欲透過實際參與並觀察音樂手語劇之演繹者及觀賞者，深入了解音樂手語劇所帶來之相關影響，並探究其中的藝術內涵與美學意象。 研究方法則採用參與式觀察，並針對音樂手語劇演出進行文獻分析、深度訪談及問卷調查法，同時參考需求理論中所提到的需求內涵，探討音樂手語劇對於音樂劇演繹者與觀賞者分別產生的多層次需求與對應感受為何。 經由問卷調查，得知慈濟音樂手語劇整體呈現之於參與者而言感受滿意度高，並顯示在各需求層次均備受相當程度的肯定；其中感受度最高則為審美需求。本研究亦從中提出三項建議，以提供後續研究參考： 1. 深化演繹意涵：透過問卷分析結果，參與者在知識理解層次的獲得相對於審美層次較低，顯示音樂、戲劇等對參與人員有輔助理解功能，但經文意涵反而會因演出時而被忽略，建議未來演出前可加入導聆或演出節目單，讓更多人透過藝術角度了解經文內涵。 2. 傾聽內部聲音：為力求演出完美，演繹者於日常中花費不少時間練習，其本身與參與動機亦有許多值得參考並引起共鳴之事，建議多分享引發善效應；同時傾聽內部聲音，重視第一線感受者之建言，讓經藏演繹更具意義。 3. 智慧成長與菩薩接引：演繹者與觀賞者透過經藏演繹除能達到不同層次的需求滿足之外，演繹後應建立菩薩接引之相關策略、目標，延續參與之感受，進一步思考自己能為這個社會帶來什麼利他的事情，提升生命價值。 綜合上述之發現，慈濟的經藏演繹將宗教儀式化、藝術經典化之表演型式融合於生活中，演繹者與觀賞者透過演出及觀賞經藏演繹，強化生命經驗及價值，除促進其自省能力，從中獲得需求滿足之感受，對於佛法生活化亦帶來正面影響。 This research aims to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of a sign language musical drama on the performers and audience of a sign language musical drama and explore its meaning of artistic aesthetic imagery such as formations and librettos. Direct participation，participant observation，and text analysis were adopted in the research method to undergo literature review，in-depth interviews，and questionnaire survey. Based on Abraham Maslow’s motivational theory of innate needs，we investigate the viewing experience in five need categories of the performers and audience of a sign language musical drama which is also a Tzuchi sutra adaptation. The study found that aesthetic need or ranks highest in the five need categories. Through a questionnaire survey, it was found that the overall performance of the Tzu Chi sign language musical drama was highly satisfying, indicating that it was highly recognized in all hierarchy of needs.This study also put forward three suggestions to provide a reference for subsequent research： 1. Deepening the meaning of interpretation： Through the results of the questionnaire analysis, it can be seen that the level of knowledge understanding is lower than the level of aesthetics in performers’ and viewers’ satisfaction，suggesting that music, drama, etc. can assist participants in understanding. However, the meaning of scriptures will be ignored during performances. In the future，it is recommended that before performances，let more people understand scriptures from an artistic perspective through a guided talk. 2. Listening to the participants’ suggestions： In order to strive for a perfect performance, performers spend a lot of time practicing in daily life. All sign language and formations need to be neat and uniform. There are many stories among them. It is recommended to encourage participants share more to create a good effect. At the same time, listen to internal voices and pay attention to the first-line performers. Their suggestions make the interpretation of the sutras more meaningful. 3. Growing wisdom and seeking Buddhism converts： In addition to satisfying different levels of needs through the interpretation of sutras, seeking Buddhism converts will need relevant strategy and specific goals after the performance to continue the perception of participation, and further think about what altruistic benefits participants can bring to this society and at the same time enhance their value of life. Based on the above findings, Tzu Chi’s sutra adaptation integrates religious rituals and artistic classics into daily life. Performers and viewers can enhance their life experience and values through performances and watching sutra interpretations. In addition to promoting their self-reflection ability and gaining a sense of need satisfaction, it also has a positive impact on applying the Buddha Dharma in daily life.
