ÁI¸Ü¶Ç²Î¤¤ªº±Ô¨Æ»P­×Ããµ²ºc
¥v¸¦¤Ò¡E®ü¦] (Steven Heine)
§f³Í¤åĶ
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³o½g½×¤åªº¥Øªº¦b©óÀ˵øÁI¾Ç¤åÄm¤¤¡M¥H¡u¾÷½t°Ýµª¡v
(transmission or satori dialogues)§@¬°°ò¦ªº¥D­n¤åÃþ
ùØ¡K¡K¥]¬A¶Ç¿O¿ý¡A°ª¹¬¿ý¡A»y¿ý©M¤½®×¡K¡KÃö©ó¤f¶Ç©M¤å
¥»¼h­±¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡C¥»¤åªº¤èªk¾Ç«h¬O´©¥Î¡u¨¥½Í¤ÀªR¡v (
discourse analysis)¡K¡K ¥ç§Y¬O¤@ºØ³z¹L«á²{¥N¤å¾Ç§åµû
²z½×©³½dÃ¥ªº¤ÀªR¡M½Ñ¦p¤¬¬°¤å¥»©Ê(intert-
--------------------
* §@ªÌ¦Ûµù¡R³o½g½×¤å­º¦¸¬O¦b¤@¤E¤E¤@¦~¤Q¤@¤ë¬ü
°ê©v±Ð¾Ç·|¦~·| (the national meeting of the
American Academy of Religion, November 1991)
¤¤¡u¤f¶Ç¤å¥»©M¤å¯ß¡v(Oral Texts and Contexts
)¤p²Õ¤W´£¥X¡C³oùØÃ䪺¤@¨Ç¸ê®Æ¦P®É¤]¥H­×¥¿ªº
§Î¦¡µoªí¦b¡Õ¹D¤¸©M¤½®×¶Ç²Î¡Ö Steven Heine,
Dogen and the Koan Tradition: A Tale of Two
Shobogenzo Texts (Albany: SUNY Press, 1993)
©M¡Õ¾ú¥v¡M¶W¾ú¥v©M±Ô¨Æªº¾ú¥v¡Ö ("History,
Transhistory and Narrative History: A
Postmodern View of Nishitami's Philosophy of
Zen," ) Philosophy East and West, 44 / 2
(1994)

180­¶

extuality)¡M¤åÃþ§åµû¡M±Ô¨Æ²z½×©M­×Ãã¾Ç©Î¤ñ³ëµ²ºcµ¥µ¥
¡M±j½Õ¦b«ä·Qªº¸àÄÀ¶Ç²Î¤W¡M¨¥½Í (discourse)©Ò§êºt¤§¨¤
¦âªº¤èªk(µù1)¡C§Ú­Ì±µ¤U¨Ó±N»¡©ú¦b§º¥NªºÁI¾Ç§@«~¡M¶É
¦V©ó§â­ð¥NÁI®v­Ì¹ï¸Üªº­ìªì¤f¶Ç¯ßµ¸¡M¤©¥H¨ú¥N©Î»~¸m¡M
¥L­Ì¤§©Ò¥H³o»ò°µ¡M¤D¬O¬°¤F³Ð³y¤@ºØ¿W¯Sªºµ²¦X¡M§Y¬O§â
±Ô¨Æªº(©Î¯«¸Üªº)¡M©M­×Ã㪺(©Î¥h¯«¸Üªº)µ²ºc¦¨¥÷¡M¥H¦Û
§Ú¤Ï¬Ùªº§å§P¤è¦¡µ²¦X¦b¤@°_¡C
­è­è§Ú­Ì´£¨ìªº«e¤TºØÁI¾Ç¤åÃþ¤D¬O½s¦~¥v¡M¥¦­Ì¥D­n
¬O¥H¾ú¥v©M¶Ç°Oªº§Î¦¡¨Óªí¹F¡R¶Ç¿O¿ý°l·¹¾Ç¬£ÃШt¡M¦Û¤C
¥j¦ò¤ÎÄÀ­{¦È¥§¦ò¥Hºë½oªº¥j¨å­·®æ¡M®i¶}¤FÁI©vªº¾ú¥v¡Q
°ª¹¬¶Ç«h¬O±q¾ú¥v½s¶°ªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó³B²z¥D­nÁI®v©M¨ä¥L¹¬«Qªº
¨ÆÂÝ¡Q¦Ü©ó»y¿ý¡M«h¬OµÛ­«©ó§ó¬°½è¾ë¥B¤é±`¹ï¸Üªº§Î¦¡¡M
®i¥Ü¨C¦ìµÛ¦WÁI®vªº¥Í¥­©M±Ð¾Ç(µù2)¡CµM¦Ó½Ñ¦p
------------------------------

(µù 1)³o¤è¦¡¬O¨ü¨ì³\¦h«á²{¥N¥D¸qªÌªº¼vÅT¡M¥]¬A¤Ú¯S
(Barthes) ³Å¬_ (Foucault)¡M§õ¼Ú¶ð(Lyotard)¡M
®õ°Ç (Taylor) ©MÃh¯S (White) ( ³o¨Ç§@«~¤U­±
·|´£¤Î)¡M ¥H¤Î¤]¦ü¥GÃþ¦ü±ö¡E¥v¯S¬f®æ (Meir
Sternberg) ¦b¡m¸t¸gªº±Ô¨Æ¸Ö¡n (The Poetics
of Biblical Narrative, Bloomington: Indiana
University Press, 1986), 15.¡K¡K©Ò´y­zªÌ¡C
¦b±ö¡E¥v¯S¬f®æ½×¤Î¸t¸g§å§P²z½×ªº§@«~¤¤¡M¥L§â
¡u¸ê®Æ¾É¦V¤ÀªR¡v (¥D­n¬O³B²z¤@¯ë¾ú¥v©MªÀ·|¾Ç
¬ìªº½ÒÃD) ©M¡u¨¥½Í¾É¦V¤ÀªR¡v (¥D­n¥H¤å¾Ç©M¤å
¥»ªº¸àÄÀ°ÝÃD¬°µJÂI¡M¬Û¦ü©ó³Å¬_©Ò¿×ªº¡u¹ê®Ä¾ú
¥v¡v)¡M ¨âªÌ¤§¶¡§@¤@­«­nªº°Ï§O¡M¦Ó³o­Ó°Ï§O¤]
¥i¥H¾A¥Î©ó¨ä¥¦¸t¸g (¥]¬AÁI) ªº¶Ç²Î¡C¯S§O¬OÃö
©óÁI¾Ç¤åÃþ§åµû¤§¦a¦ìªº°Q½×¡M¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò¡ÕÁI¬O§_
¦³¾ú¥vªº·NÃÑ©Ê¡Ö¡K¡KJohn Maraldo, "Is There
Historical Consciousness Within Ch'an,"
Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 12 /
2-3 (1985), 141-72¡C

(µù 2)¤@¦p«Â·G(William F. Powell)¦b "The Record of
Tung-shan" (Honolulu: University of Hawaii
Press, 1986)¡M5. ©Ò¤Þ¤Î¡R¡u¡m´º¼w¶Ç¿O¿ý¡nªº
¥j¨å§Î¦¡¤§¤åÃþ¡M´X¥G³£±j¯P¦a¹ï¤ñ©ó¨º¦­´Á¤å¥»
ªº½è¾ë»P¤f¶Çªº§Î¦¡¡M¦]¦ÓŪ°_¨Ó¤ñ¸û¤£¹³¬O¯u¥¿
¹ï¸Üªº°O¿ý¡v¡C¦¹¥~¡M¹F¼Ö¡EµÜ¯S(Dale Wright)
´£¨ì»y¿ýªº§Î¦¡¡M¡u¥L­Ì§â®É¥N¤¤ªº«U»y±q¨ä¯S®í
ªºªí²{¤¤¥[¥H¦±¸Ñ¡C¥L­Ì¥H¤£¦Pªº¤è¦¡¨Óªí¹F¬Û¦P
ªº»y¨¥¡M¬°¤F¥h¸Ñ®ø²`¹X©ó¨ä¤¤ªº³W½d©M°ò¦¡C¡v
( ¨£©ó "The Discourse of Awakening:
Rhetorical Practice in Classical Ch'an
Buddhism", forthcoming in the Journal of the
American Academy of Religion)¡C

181­¶

¡mºÑÅÉ¿ý¡n©M¡mµLªùÃö¡n¤§Ãþªº¤½®×¡M¥D­n¬O¥H²z½×ªº¡M­Ý
¥H´²¤å©M¸Öªºµû½×¤è¦¡¨Ó·Ó©ú¨ã¦³¨å½d©Ê¶h»Dªº±Ð¨|·N¸q¡Q
ÁöµM¹D¤¸ªº¡m¥¿ªk²´Âán¦³®É¬O³Qµø¬°¤Ï¹ï¤½®×©M¥D±i§¤ÁI
¡M¦ý¬O¥¦¥ç¥i¥Nªí¤½®×¤åÃþªº¤@ºØ¡M´£¨Ñ¥H²z½×¥DÃD¬°¥Dªº
­õ¾Ç°Q½×¡M¦Ó«D¥H¤@¯ë¼ôª¾¤§®×¨Ò¬°¥D¡C¤@¦p¬h¥Ð¸t¤s«ü¥X
¡Mºc¦¨ÁI¾Ç¤åÃþªº³æ¦ì¬O¾÷½t°Ýµª¡K¡K¤@ºØ³Ìªì¬O¨£©ó°¨¯ª
±Ð¾Éªº¦Ûµo©Ê±µÄ²¡Q¦b¦¹¤@±Ð¾É¤¤¡M±o¹DÁI®v¥H¤@ºØ©Ç½Ïªº
§Þ¥©¨Ó§â§Ì¤l¤ß¤¤·§©Àªº°õµÛ¤©¥H´¦¥Ü©M¶W§J¡M¨ä¤èªk¦hÂÇ
¥ÑÀ¸»y¡N¤Ý¸Þ¡NµLµ²½×©ÎªÌ¬Y¨Ç¹³¼w¤s©MÁ{ÀÙ¤§¡u´Î³Ü¡vªº
«D»y¨¥¤âªk
(µù3)¡C
ÁI¾ÇùØ¡M®v®{¹ï¸Ü¬O¥H¤f¶Ç¬°¥D­n¼Ò¦¡¡M¸g¥Ñ¦¹¤@¼Ò¦¡
¤~·|¦³«á¨Óªº¸g¨å¶°¦¨¡CµM¦Ó¡M¦b¤@¨Ç©v±Ð¶Ç²ÎùØ¡M®v®{¤§
¶¡ªº¹ï¸Ü¦ü¥G¥u¬O¤@ºØ¹s¸H©M¤ùÂ_ªº¦Ûµo©Êªí¹F¡M¤@¥¹¦¹ºØ
ªí¹F³Q¼g©w¬°¸û¥¨¤j©Î«p­«ªº®Ñ¼g¤å¥»®É¡M§Y¥¢¥h¤F­ì¦³ªº
­±¥Ø¡C¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡M¹ï¸Üªº·¾³q¼Ò¦¡¤Ï¦Ó³Q¨º¨Ç¥Î¨Ó®i²{¹ï¸Ü
ªº¤åÃþ©Ò»~¡M±q¦Ó¾É­P¤F§H¥¢©M»~¸m¡C·í¥Nªº­õ¾Ç¸àÄÀ¾Ç©Ò
»Ý­nªº¡M¤D¬O¤@ºØ¤å¥»ªº/¤å¥»»Úªº (textual/contextual)
¦Ò¥j¾Ç¡M¥¦¥i¥H«õ±¸©M²M²z¥X¨º¨Ç©|¥¼³Q¤H­Ì§¹¥þ´x´¤ªº°ò
·½ÃD§÷¤§°ò¦¡C¥u­n¦b¤½®×©M¤½®×¶°¦¨ªº¤åÃþ¤¤¡MÂǥѳo¤@
¶Ç²Î¦Û¨­©Ò¹B¥Î¹Lªº¥B§e²{¹L°ª¼éªº¦Ò¥j¾Ç¡M¨º»òÅã¦Ó©ö¨£
ªº¬O¡MÁI¾Ç¤åÄm¤]±N¾A¥Î©ó³o¼Ò¦¡¡C
³\¦h·í¥NªºÁI¾Ç¸g¨å¸Ñ»¡ªÌ¡M¥L­Ìªº»¡©ú¬O¥HÁI¾Ç¦bÁI
¾Ç¥v¤Wªº
------------------------------

(µù 3) ¬h¥Ð¸t¤s¡M¡m¤¤°ê©M¦èÂ꺦­´ÁÁI¾Ç¡n "The
Recorded Sayings' Texts of Chinese Ch'an
Buddhism," in Early Ch'an in China and Tibet
(Berkely: Buddhist Studies Series, 1983)¡M
185-205¡C ©Î³\ÁI¸Ü¬O¨ü¨ì·s¹D®aªº¼vÅT¡M¤@¦p¨È
¶ë (Arthur F. Wright) ¤§¡m¦ò±Ð¦b¤¤°ê¾ú¥v¡n
(Buddhism in Chinese History, Stanford
University Press, 1959)¡M46. ©Ò´£¨ìªº¡M·|¸Ü
©Î¤f»y³Ì«á¡u±q¤@«ä¿ëªº¤u¨ãÂà¦ÓÅܦ¨¤@¨S¸¨¥B¤Û
·Àªº°ª¶Q®T¼Ö¡v¡C

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§e²{¬°°ò¦¡M¦P®É¦b©¾©óÁI¾Ç¥vªº­n¨D¤U¡M¥H¤U­z¤è¦¡¨Ó°l
·¹¹ï¸Ü©M¤½®×¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡R¤@¯ë»¡¨Ó¡M¾÷½t°Ýµª¬OÂk©ó­ð´Â
(¤K¡N¤E¥@¬ö)ªº¤j®v¡C³oºØÁI¸Ü¬O²µuªº¡N·t¥Üªº©MÁô³ëªº
¹ï¸Ü¡M¥¦¤£¦P©óĬ®æ©Ô©³¦üªº¹ï¸Ü¥H«ùÄò¡N½ÆÂø©MÅGÃÒªº¤è
¦¡¶i¦æ¡C¦Ó¥B¤j³¡¤ÀªºÁI¸Ü¬O³Q¶×¶°¦b§ºªì®É´ÁÃe¤jªº½s¦~
¥v¤¤ (§Y¤Q¡N¤Q¤@¥@¬ö¤¤ªº»y¿ý¡N°ª¹¬¶Ç©M¶Ç¿O¿ý)¡C ³o¨Ç
ÁI¸Üªº­·®æ¬O¬Û·í¯«¸Ü©Ê¡M¦Ó¥B³oºØ¯«¯µ¤Æªº¤èªk¤]µÛ¹ê¥O
¤H§x´b¡M¦]¬°¥¦¦ü¥G©MÁI®v­Ìªº±Ð¾É¬Û¥Ù¬Þ¡M¬Æ¦Ü¬O¹H­IÁI
®v­Ì»¡ªkªº¯u½T©Ê¡Q³o¨Ç¥Î¨Ó¶}¥Ü¤H­ÌÃÒ®©ªº»¡ªk©M±Ð¾É¡M
¤D¬O¥H¨ãÅ骺¨Æ¬Û¨Óªí¹F¡M½Ñ¦p¡u¤s¬O¤s¡M¤ô¬O¤ô¡v¡M¡u¬D
¤ô¥ï¤ì§Y§®¹D¡v¡M¡u²Ö¤F´NºÎ¡M¾j¤F´N¦Y¡v©M¡u¥­±`¤ß¬O¦ò
¡v¡C¨ä«á¡M§º¥½®É´Á (¤Q¤G¡N¤Q¤T¥@¬ö) ³o¨Ç¥h¯«¸Ü¤Æªº¹ï
¸Ü¡M³Q¤H­Ì±qÃe¤jªº½s¦~¥v¤å®Ñ¤¤©â¨ú¥X¨Ó¡M¨Ã¥B¦¨¬°¤½®×
ªº¡u¥j«h¡v¦ÓÀò±o­«­n©Ê¡C¦Ü©ó¡MÁI¸Ü©M¤½®×¤§¶¡«ä·Q©M­·
®æªºÃöÁp¡M«h¬O¤Ï¬M¤FÁIªº¹y®©¸Ñ²æ¾Ç©M¤Ï¶Ç²Îªºª¾ÃѽסC
¦]¦¹¡M¤åÄmªº¾ú¥vµo®i¥i¥H»¡¥²µM¯A¤Î¨ì¿@ÁY©Mºë²ªº¹Lµ{
¡M¤]¥¿¦]¬°¦p¦¹¡M¤¾ªøªº½s¦~¥v¤~¯à¦b¤½®×¶°¦¨¤¤³Q¿@ÁY¡M
¦Ó§@¬°¤@ºØ­«·s±¸µo³Q»~¸m¤§ºë­nÁI¸Üªº¤èªk¡C¤@¦pù«k¡E
¥]¤h«Âº¸(Robert Buswell)©Ò¥D±i¡M¡u(¤½®×¡K¡K¤ºÆ[ÁI)¥i
¥H¬Ý§@ÁI¾Çªø´Áµo®i¹Lµ{¤¤ªº°ª®p¡M¨ä¤¤¹yµoªº­×ÃãÂର±Ð
¾Éªº¥\¯à¡M¦Ó²×©ó¦¨´N¹ê½î¡C¡v
(µù4)ÁI¾Ç¦¹¤@¿@ÁYºë²ªº
¹Lµ{¡M¦b¤j¼zªº¹B¥Î¤U¥H³Ì¡uºë­n¡vªº¤âªk¡M
------------------------------

(µù 4) ¥]¤h«Âº¸ (Robert E. Buswell, Jr.), "The
Short-cut' Approach of K'anhua Meditation:
The Evolution of a Practical Subitism in
Chinese Ch'an Buddhism," in Sudden and
Gradual: Approaches to Enlightenment in
Chinese Thought, ed. Peter N. Gregory
(Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,1987),
322. (Ãö©ó¤½®×¶Ç²Îµo®iªº²z½×¡M¾¨ºÞ§Ú¦³¨Ç¤£ÃÙ
¦P¥Lªº¬Ýªk¡M¦ý¬O¥]¤h«Âº¸ªºÀu¨q¬ã¨s¤w¤j¤j¦a¼v
ÅT§Ú¹ï³o¤@ÁI©v¥v®É´Áªº²z¸Ñ¡C) ¦Ó¤½®×¶Ç²Îªºµo
®i¥i¨£©óFuruta Shokin ªº¡uÃö©ó¤½®×¾ú¥vªºµo®i
§ÎºA¤§¯u²z©Êªº°ÝÃD¡v¡Õ¦ò±Ðªº®Ú¥»¯u²z¡Ö¡M®c¥»
¥¿´L½s¿è¡M(ªF¨Ê¡R¤T¬Ù°ó)¡M807-40¡C

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¹F¨ì¥¦³Ì«áªº¶¥¬q¡Q¤j¼z¹ï©óÁú°ê©M¤é¥»Á{ÀÙ©vªº¿³°_¨ã¦³
­«­nªº¦a¦ì¡M¥L©Ò¤Þ­zªº¡u¸ÜÀY¡v¦³®É¥u¬O¥]§t¤@­Ó³æ¦r©Î
³æ»y¡M´N¹³¯u©vªº¡uµL¡v
(µù5)¡C
µM¦Ó§Ú±N½×ÃÒªº¬O¡M³oºØÁI¾Ç¤åÄmªº¥Øªº½×¸ÑÄÀ¦h¤Ö¬O
¦³¨Ç»~¾Éªº¡M¦]¬°¥¦«Ü®e©ö´N©¿²¤¤F½s¦~¥v©M¤½®×¶°¦¨¤§¶¡
²`¨èªº¤¬¬°¤å¥»©Ê¡M¦Ó¥B¥¦­Ì³£¦@¦³¨º¦P¤@¨L¬vµLºÉªº¶h»D
¡N¹ï¸Ü©M¶Ç»¡¡C³o¨Ç¤åÃþ¨Ã¨S¦³«ö·Ó¤@©wªº¶¶§Ç¨Óµo®i¡K¡K
¥ç§Y«ö·Ó¹ï¸Ü°_¥ý§H¥¢¤F¡MµM«á¦A´M¦^ªºÅÞ¿è¨Óµo®i¡C¦Ó¬O
¡M¨C¤@ºØ¤åÃþªº¥D­n¨Ò¤l³£´X¥G¬O¦b¬Û¦Pªº®É¶¡¤º§Î¦¨¡M·§
¬A»¡¨Ó¡M¤j¬ù¬O¦b§ºªì®É´Á¡Q¦Ü©ó¡M©Ò¿×ªº­ð¥NÁI¸Ü (Áö¤£
¤@©w¬O¥þ³¡) «h¥i¯à¬O«á¨Ó©Ò³Ð³y¦Ó§Î¦¨ªº±Ô¨ÆÅé¡M¥H´£¨Ñ
·|©÷ªkÃø (¦è¤¸¤K¥|¤­¦~) «áªº¥D­n©v¬£»â³S¤§¦Xªk¤Æ©M²z
·Q¤Æªº°ò¦(µù6)¡CµS¦p³Å¬_(Foucault)µ¥¤H«ü¥X¡M¨¥½Í¼Ò
¦¡¬OÂ÷¤£¶}ª§¨úÅv¤O

------------------------------

(µù 5) ­n¨¥¤§¡MÁ{ÀÙÁI¦b¤é¥»¦³¤T­Ó¥D­nªº¦¨ªG¡M¥]¬A
¡uÂà»y¡v (tengo) ©M¡uµÛ»y¡v(Jakugo) ªº§Þ¥©¡M
³oºØ§Þ¥©¨Ï¤½®×ªº¥Î»y²¼ä¦³¤O¡M ¥H¤Î¤Þ­z
"satori poems" (tokinoge) ©M "death verses"
(yuige) ªº¨Ï¥Î¡C¥i°Ñ¨£ The introduction in
Soiku Shigematsu, trans., Zen Forest: Sayings
of the Masterse (New York and Tokyo:
Weatherhill, 1981)¡M3-31.

(µù 6) Ãö©ó·|©÷ªkÃøªº¨ÓÀs¥h¯ß¡M¥i°Ñ¨£¥v©Z¤O¡E­³®¦
´µ©Z ( Stanely Weinstein)¡A ¡m¦ò±Ð¦b­ð´Â¡n
(Buddhism Under the T'ang, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1987)¡M114-36¡Q
©M®ü¤O¡E«×²öªL(Heinrich Dumoulin)¡M ¡mÁI©v¡n
(Zen Buddhism: A History, New York:
Macmillian, 1988) I, 211-13. ¦¹¥~¡M³¯Æ[³Óªº
¡m¦ò±Ð¦b¤¤°ê¡R¾ú¥vªº¬Ù¹î¡n ( Buddhism in
China: A Historical Survey, Princeton
University Press, 1964), 363-64.¡A ¤]°Q½×ÁI
©v¬°¦ó©M¦p¦ó¬O¦s¯dªº©v¬£¡C

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(µù7)
¡C§Ú±N¶i¤@¨B«ü¥X¡M³o¨Ç¤åÃþ¬O¥H¤¬¸É¤¬¦sªº¤èªk¨Ó²Õ´¤@
¯ëªºÃD§÷¡R½s¦~¥v³z¹L¼Ð·Çªº¯«¸ÜÃD§÷¡M§Y¦æ¸}°Ñ³X¡N¹w¨¥
©M±Â°Oªk·|¡M§âµÛ¦WÁI®vªº¥Í²P³Ð³y¦¨¶Ç©_¤Æªº¬G¨Æ¡MÂǦ¹
«Ø¥ß°_¥N¥N¬Û¶Çªº¶Ç©Ó©Ê¡Q¦Ó¤½®×¶°¦¨«h¬O°¼­«¤ñ³ëµ²ºcªº
¯S½è¡M³z¹LÁI®v©Ò¨Ï¥Î¨ã¦³ÄAÂЩʪº¥h¯«¸Ü¤Æ¤èªk¡M¥H¶W§J
©Ò¦³À¸½×ªº¡N¦W¨¥°²¥ßªº«äºû¡C¯S§O¬OÃö©óµÐ´£¹F¼¯ªº¶Ç»¡
©MµÛ¦Wªº¡u¥Ö¡N¦×¡N°©©MÅè¡v¹ï¸Ü¡M³o½g¤å³¹¤]±N¤ÀªR³o¨Ç
­ìªì¹ï¸Ü¤§ÁI¾Ç¤åÄm¤¤ªº¥D­n¤Ï¿Ø©Î°ÝÃD¡R³o¨Ç¤Ï¿Ø©Î°ÝÃD
¦³®É¬Ý°_¨Ó¬O¬Û·íÃeÂø¡M¦ý¬O²¦Ó¨¥¤§¡M«h¬OÃö©óÁI¾Ç§âÁI
®vªº¥h¯«¸Ü¤Æ¯à¤O¤©¥H¯«¸Ü¤Æ¡K¡K¦ÓÁI®vªº¥h¯«¸Ü¤Æ¯à¤O«h
¬O¸g¥Ñ¹ï½Íªº¾÷·|±Ð¨|¤¤ªí²{¥X¨Ó¡C
¤G¡N¾ú¥v©Ê©M±Ô¨Æ¥v

¦b³o³æ¤¸¡M§Ú±N«ö·ÓÁI¾Ç½s¦~¥vªºµo®i¡M¨Ó°Q½×¯«¸Ü¥v
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ªºÆ[ÂI¡M¦¹¤@Æ[ÂI»{¬°ÁI¸Ü©M¤½®×ªº¾ú¥v¥i¥H°Ï¤À¬°¤­­Ó¶¥
¬q¡C²Ä¤@­Ó¶¥¬q¬OÃö¯A¨ìµÐ´£¹F¼¯©M¼z¯àªº¶Ç©Ó·§²¤¡M¦b³o
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------------------------------

(µù 7)°Ñ¨£³Å¬_¡M¡m¨Æª«ªº¯´§Ç¡n¡K¡KMichel Foucault,
The Order of Things: An Archaeology of The
Human Sciences (New York: Vintage, 1970)¡Q©M
¡m¯u²z»PÅv¤O¡n (Truth and Power) A Foucault
Reader, ed. Paul Rabinow (New York: Pantheon
, 1984), 74. ¥L»¡¡R¡u¯u²z¡M¬O¬°¤F°Ó«~¡N³W«ß
¡N¤À°t¡N¬y³q©MÁn©úªº¹B§@¡M¦Ó§@¬°¤@¯´§Ç¹Lµ{ªº
¨t²Î¨Ó³Q¤H¤F¸Ñ¡C¡v¦¹¥~¡M¤]°Ñ¨£¦ã¨½§J (Eric
Habsbawn) ©M¯S·ç¥q (Terence Ranger) ©Ò½s¿èªº
¡m¶Ç²Î¤§®º³y¡n (The Invention of Tradition,
( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1983)¡C

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³o¥\¯à³ÌÂA©úªºµo¥Í¨Ó¬Ý¡M¥¦¬O³z¹L¡u¹y®©¡N´Î³Ü¡N¤½®×¡M
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¤T¶¥¬q«h¬O¤Q¤@¥@¬öùؽs¦~¥v¡N°ª¹¬¶Ç©M¨ä¥¦°O¿ýªº¥X²{¡M
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------------------------------

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(µù 9) ¬h¥Ð¸t¤s¡M 190¡M¦¹¥~¤]°Ñ¨£¦¶¤O¦w¡E¤Ú¥q
(Julian pas) ©Ò½Ķªº¡m°¨¯ª»y¿ý¡n¡C ( The
Record Sayings of Ma-tsu, Lewiston /
Queenston: Edwin Mellen, 1987 ), 29¡C

(µù 10) §d¸g¶¯ (John Wu)¡M¡mÁI¾Çªº¶Àª÷®É¥N¡n (The
Golden Age of Zen, Taipei: United, 1975),
52 [ slightly modified]. (Ķ«ö¡R»OÆW°Ó°È®Ñ
§½¦³¤¤Ä¶¥»¡M§d©ÉĶ)¡C ¥L¦b´£¤ÎµÐ´£¹F¼¯»P«á´Á
ÁI®vªº¹ï¤ñ®É¡M°Q½×¨ì¦¹¤@µL¯S¼x¡C¦¹¥~¡MÁÚ§J·ç
(John McRae) ¦b¡m¹y®©»PºF®©¡n¡K¡KShen-hui
and the Teaching of Sudden Enlightenment, in
Sudden and Gradual, 229¡A ¤]´£¨ì¹ï¸Ü©M¤½®×¡M
¥L»¡¡R¡u¦­´ÁÁI¾Ç¤å¥»¤¤¡M¥]§t¤@¼s¤j¦h¤¸ªº¸g¨å
¤º®e©M¹ê»Úªº§Ù«ß©M§»öªº¹Lµ{¡M¦Ó¥j¨åªºÁI¾Ç¤å
¥»Ãö©óªk·|¹ï¸ÜªºÂ½¼g§ó¬O¥­±`¡M¨Ã¥B¥L­Ì¹ï©ó³o
¨Ç¥Rº¡§x´bªº¤Ý¸Þ¡M©úÅ㪺¥Ù¬Þ©M¤£¤@­P¦æ¬°ªº±Ð
¨|¤p«~¤å¬Û·í¼ö°J¡K¡K (¥H¤Î) ³oùØ­±¥Rº¡¤F°g´b
ªº¿ï¾Ü¡N±Ð¨|©M§x´b¡K¡K¡v¡C

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µM¦Ó¡M¥H³oºØ¶¶§Ç¨Ó¬Ý«ÝÁI¾Ç¤åÄm¬O¦³°ÝÃDªº¡M¦]¬°±q
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ªº±Ô¨Æ¾Ç¥Øªº¡M¹ï©ó¦¹¡M§Ú­Ì¦³´X­Ó­nÂI¥i¥H¯}°£³o¤@¥Øªº
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¤]¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¨â­Ó²z¥Ñ¡C­º¥ý¡M³\¦h­ð¥N¨åÄy¤¤¦­¤w¥X²{ªºÁI
¸Ü¡K¡K½Ñ¦p¡mÄ_ªL¶Ç¡n(³¡¤À§H¥¢¤F)¡K¡K¥¦­Ì¤§©Ò¥HÅã±o­«
­nªº²z¥Ñ¡M¤D¬O¥¦­Ì³Q§ºªì¶Ç¿O¿ý¤º¤§±Ô¨Æªº¾÷½t°Ýµª©Ò§l
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(µù11)¡C§º¥N¥i»¡¬O¥Hªí¹F§Î
¦¡ªº¦h¤¸¤Æ¦Ó­t¦³²±¦W¡M´N¦n¤ñ¥T¶³µØ¥ý¥Í©Ò¹D¡R¡u§Ú­Ìµo
²{¤FÃe¤j¥BªÅ«e(¾ú¥vªº)¼Æ¥Øªº¨åÄy¡C¡v(µù12)¦ý¬O·í³o¨Ç
¨åÄy¥H¨C¤K¦~ªº³t«×´N½sÄ¡¦¨¤@³¡¥D­n½s¦~¥v®É¡M¬Û¹ï¤§¤U
¡Mºë½T©Êªº­n¨D¤]´N¤j´T´î¤p¡QÅãµM¦a¡M¦¹®ÉªºÁI¾Ç¥¿
------------------------------

(µù 11) ³Á§J·ç (John McRae)¡M¡m¥_ÁI©v©M¦­´ÁÁI©vªº§Î
¦¨¡n(The Northern School and the Formation of
Early Ch'an Buddhism, Honolulu: University
of Hawaii Press, 1986), 73-80¡C ¦¹¥~¡M¦¶¤O¦w
¡E¤Ú«ä¦b¡m°¨¯ª»y¿ý¡n (The Record Sayings of
Ma-tsu)10-11. (¨£µù9) ¤]´£¨ì¡u¥¦(¡mÄ_ªL¶Ç¡n)
¬O³¡¤À³Ð³y©M³¡¤À¬O¡y¥v¹ê¡zªº§@«~¡M¥¦ÂǥѦL«×
©M¤¤°êÁI©v¯ª®vªº³\¦h·s¶ǻ¡¡M¨Ó¾Q³¯¥X°¨¯ª¤§
«eªº¤C¦ò¡C¦ÓÃö©ó°¨¯ª¦Û¨­¨¤¦âªº»¡ªk¡MµL½×¦p¦ó
¤wµM°g¥¢¤F¡Q§Ú­Ì¦]¦¹¤]¥u¦n¨Ì¿à¨º¨Ç³Q°²³]¬O¥H
¡mÄ_ªL¶Ç¡n¬°°ò¦ªº«á¨Ó§@«~¡v(ªþ±a±j½Õ)¡C³¯Æ[
³Ó¼g¹D(p. 356)¡R¡u¼Ð·ÇªºÁI©v¥v¡M¡m´º¼w¶Ç¿O¿ý
¡n¡M¥¦´X¥G¬O¦b³o¨Æ¥ó¥|­Ó¥@¬ö«á¼g¦¨ªº¡M¨Ã¥B¦b
¨º¤¤¶¡³\¦hªºÁI¶Ç»¡¤¤¡M¥¦¤@©w¤w¸g³Q§ï³y©M¥[¤J
³\¦h²z¥Ñ¡C¡v

(µù12) ¥T¶³µØ(Yun-Hua Jan), Buddhist Historiography
in Sung China, " Zeitschrift der Deutschen
Morgenlhandischen Gesellchaft, 114 (1964),
362¡C¬h¥Ð¸t¤s¦b¡mªì´ÁÁI©v«ä·Qªº¬ã¨s¡n (Kyoto
: Hozokan, 1967) ¤¤¡M¤]¤p¤ß¦a°l·¹³o¬q¾ú¥vªº
¹Lµ{¡C
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¦£¸L©ó³Ð³y¦Û¨­ªº¾ú¥v­I´º
(µù13) ¡CµM¦Ó¡M¤j³¡¤Àªº½s¦~
¥v¬O¥Ñ§ù¼¶©M¶Ç»¡©Ò²Õ¦¨¡M¸g¥Ñ°l·¹¨ìµÛ¦W©v¯ª­Ìªº¨ÆÂݨÓ
§âµêºcªº±¡¸`µø¬°¨Æ¹ê¡C¹ï©ó³o¤@ÂI¡Mµá¥ß´¶¡E¥¡ªi´µ°ò (
Philip Yampolsky) ³z¹L½×ÃÒ§âÁI¾Ç½s¦~¥v¤¤¡MÃö©ó¾ú¥vªº
³B²z¤è¦¡§@¤@Á`µ²¡R¡u¦b¾ú¥vªº¶ì³y¤¤¡Mºë½T©Ê¨Ã¤£³Q¤H­Ì
¥[¥H¦Ò¶q¡K¡K³o¦­¤w¬O¬°¤H©Òª¾ªº¤p¤p¨Æ¹ê¡M©Î³\³o¤@¨Æ¹ê
¤]¯à³Q¤H§Î¶ì¦¨°Ê¤Hªº¬G¨Æ¡M¦ý¬O³o¼Ëªº¬G¨Æ¥Rº¡¤FºÃÂI¡N
²æ¸`©M¥Ù¬Þ¡K¡K(¥H¤Î)´X¥G¥i½T©w¬O¤£¯u¹ê¡C¡v(µù14)¦¹¥~
¡M´N®É¥Nªº¥t¤@­±¦V¦Ó¨¥¡M¥t¥~¤@­Ó¥i¥H§â³o¥Øªº½×ªº¾ú¥v
¶¶§Çµø¬°¦X²zªº²z¥Ñ¬O¡R¹³¡mºÑÅÉ¿ý¡n³oÃþµÛ¦Wªº¤½®×¡M¤j
¬ù¬O¦b³Ìªì¶Ç¿O¿ý§Î¦¨«áªº¤@¦Ê¤­¤Q¦~¥ª¥k§¹¦¨¡Q¦ý¬O¶ê®©
ªº¨åÄy«o¬O¥H³·Äu©ÒµÛªº¤@¥@¬ö¤§¤[ªº°O¿ý¬°°ò¦¡M¦]¦¹´N
³o¬Ý¨Ó¡M¨Æ¹ê¬O³Ì¦­¤½®×ªº½s¶°¬O¦b¦P¤@®É¶¡¤º³Q¦¬½s¦b¤@
°_¡M¦]¦Ó¦¨¬°³Ì¦­¤]¬O³ÌµÛ¦Wªº¶Ç¿O¿ý(µù15)¡C¦Ó¥B¡M©Ò¦³
ªº¤åÃþ¦b¾ã­Ó§º¥N©M¤§«e¦­¤w¤£Â_§Î¦¨¡C
³oºØ³Q·í¥N¬Y¨Ç¾ÇªÌ©Ò±µ¨üªºÁI¾Ç¥v¥Øªº½×¼Ò¦¡¬O­È±o
¦sºÃªº¡M´N¹³¥§ªö (Nietzsch) ©M³Å¬_ (Foucault) ©Ò«ü¥X
¡M³oºØ¼Ò¦¡¼ÉÅS¤F·í¥NªºÁͶաM»{¬°¾ú¥v±N·|«ö·Ó¥i»{ª¾ªº
¼Ò¦¡¡MÁÚ¦V¬J©wªº¥Øªº¡C·í¥Nªº¥Øªº½×¤èªk¡M¬O§â¤À´²¦b¤£
¦P½s¦~¥v¸ê®Æ¤¤¡MÃö©óÁI®v¨ÆÂݪºÂ_²´Ý½g¤©¥H«÷´ê¡M­«·s
«Øºc¥XÁI®vªº¥Í²P¡C¦]¦¹¡M³o¼Ëªº¤èªk¬O¶É¦V
------------------------------

(µù 13) Á|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡M¦¶¤O¦w¡E¤Ú«ä (¨£µù9) ´£¨ì¡R¡u³o¨Ç
(¦L«×ªºªk·|¹ï¸Ü) ¨Ò¤l¬O±qÁI¾Ç¾ú¥v¤¤Àò±o¡M¥¦
­Ì¬O¦b°¨¯ª¤§«áªº®É¥Nùؼg´Nªº¡M¦P®É¬O¨å«¬ªº¤¤
¤å¡C¨Ì¾Ú¬h¥Ð¸t¤s©Ò¨¥¡M§Ú­Ì¥i¥Hµ²½×¥X©Ò¦³¨º¨Ç
³Q¶Ç¹Fªº¬Û¦P¬G¨Æ¡M¦³Ãö©óÁI®vªº¶h»D¤DÄݩ󰨯ª
ªº¾Ç¬£¡M¦P®É¥L­Ìªº°O¿ý¦b°¨¯ªªº®É¥N¤~¦³¡C¡v¦¹
¥~¡M¥T¶³µØ´£¤Î¨ì¨ä¥Lªº¦ò±Ð©v¬£¡M¤Ï¹ï¨ÃÄU¤îÁI
©v¡u°±¤î»¡ÁÀ¡v¡C

(µù 14) ¥¡ªi´µ°ò (Philip B. Yampolsky) ©ÒĶªº¡m¤»¯ª
¾Â¸g¡n ( The Platform Sutra of the Sixth
Patriach , New York: Columbia University
Press, 1967)¡M4-5¡C

(µù 15) ³o¬O Funyoroku¡Q°Ñ¨£«×²öªL (Dumoulin) I,
246¡C(¨£µù8)

188­¶

©ó¨Ì¿àÁI¾Ç¶Ç²Îªº¤º³¡¸ê®Æ
(µù16)¡QµM¦Ó¡MÁI¾Ç¶Ç²Î¦bªí¹F
¥¦­Ì¦Û¨­¾ú¥vªº¤@©w¨£¸Ñ®É¡M©¹©¹¤w¸gÄe¤J¤F¬Y¨Ç«ä·Q¦bùØ
­±¡C¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡M³o¨Ç±µÄ²­ì¨åªºÁI¾Ç¥v¾ÇªÌ¡M¥L­Ì¤Ï¦Ó±q©v
¬£ªº¸ê®Æ¤¤±µ¨ü¤F¬Y¨Ç¥¼¸g§å§Pªº¸àÄÀ½u¯Á¡C (¯S§O¬OÃö©ó
¤é¥»©MÁú°êÁ{ÀÙ©vªº¸ê®Æ¡Q¹ï¥L­Ì¦Ó¨¥¡M¦bÁI¸Ü©M¤½®×ùØÂÇ
¥Ñ°Ñ¸ÜÀY©Ò±a¨Óªº¤Ï¶Ç²Î©M¹y®©¤§Æ[ÂI¡M¦­¤w³Qµø¬°¼Ð·Ç¡C
) ¦¹¥~¡M±µ¨ü¥Øªº½×ªº¾ú¥v¾ÇªÌ¦³®É¤]±µ¨üÁI¾Çùإѯ«¸Ü©M
¾ú¥v©Ò²V¦Xªº»¡ªk¡M¦P®É¥L­Ì¤]ÂǤ§¨Ó¦^À³»P±j¤Æ¬ù¿«¡EÁÚ
§J·ç (John McRae) ©Ò¼Ð¥Üªº¡R³B²zÁI®v­Ì¶Ç©Óªº¡u¦ê¯]¡v
¤èªk¡CÁÚ§J·ç³o¯ë¼g¹D¡R¡u³o¨Ç¥HÁI©v¯ª®v¦Û¨­ªº¶Ç°O©M±Ð
¾Ç©Ò³Ð³y²Õ¦¨ªº¥Í¥­·§²¤¡M¹ê¦b«Ü¹³¬O¤@¦ê¥Ñ¬Û¦P©À¯]©Ò²Õ
¦¨ªº¶µÁå¡C¦ý¬O¡M±q¾ú¥vªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡M§Ú­Ì¥i¥Hµo²{³o¨Ç©À
¯]¬Oµêºcªº¡M¦P®É¡M¶µÁå¤]¤£¥~¥G¬OºØ¤è«Kªº»¡ªk¡C²Ä¤C¥@
¬öùسo¨Ç¦­¤w¬°§Ú­Ì©Òª¾ªº (ÁI¾Ç) ¬OµL¥H¬°ª¾ªº¡M§Y¨Ï¬O
³z¹L²Ä¤K¥@¬ö©Î¤§«áªºµø³¥¨ÓÀ˵ø¡M§Ú­Ì¤]¨ÌµMµLªk¦p¹ê¦a
¥[¥H´x´¤¡C¡v(µù17)¦]¦¹¡M¤@¥¹§Ú­Ì©¿²¤¤F½s¦~¥v¤º±Ô¨Æ­·
®æªº·N¸q®É¡M¨º»ò¡u¦ê¯]¡vªº¤èªk«K§âµêºcªº¾ú¥vÆ[ÂIµø¬°
²z©Ò·íµM¡M¶i¦Ó§â¤´³Q¦sºÃªºÁI®v¤§¶¡ªº¦Ûµo©Ê¹ï¸Ü¡M°O¸ü
©ó½s¦~¥v¤º¡C
±q¥Øªº½×©Î¶¶§ÇªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡M½s¦~¥vªº¯«¸Ü©Ê½è¬O¥i¥H
²¤¦Ó¤£½Í¡M¦]¬°¥¦¬O³y¦¨¤½®×¥h¯«¸Ü¤Æ¦a¦ìªº¥²µM¶¥¬q¡M´N
¹³¬O¸õªO¦üªº¡M¥¦¦P®É¬O¤Þ¾É«e¶i»P§«Ãª¦Û¨­ªº»Ùꤧ¤@¡C
ÁI¾Çªº½s¦~¥v¤£¥u¬O­â¶V»P¹H­I¤@¯ëªº±`ÃÑ¡M¦Ó¥BÁI¾Çªº½s
¦~¥v¸g±`¬O¥H¹w¨¥©M¯«¿Ù¡M¤Ñ±Ò©M
------------------------------

(µù 16) ¨£ Foucault's essay on Nietzsche and
"effective history," "Nietzsche, Genealogy,
History," A Foucault Reader, 76-100¡C

(µù 17) McRae, "The Story of Early Ch'an ," in Zen:
Tradition and Transition, ed. Kenneth Kraft
(New York: Grove,1988), 138-39. (¥t¤@­Ó¨Ì·Ó
¡u¦ê¯]¡v¤è¦¡ªº¬ã¨s¡M¥i°Ñ¨£§d¸g¶¯ªº¡mÁI¾Çªº¶À
ª÷®É¥N¡n¡C

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¹w¥ü¡M¹w·P©M©R©w¥H¤Î¥»Ä±©M±Â°Oªk·|¬°°ò¦¡K¡K³o¨ÇÃD§÷
¦ü¥G§¹¥þ»PÁI®v­Ì¨ãÅé¥B¤@­Pªº¥»·N¬Û¹H­I¡K¡K¨Ã¥B´À¥L­Ì
ªº»¡©ú¥[¥H¦X²z¤Æ©M¦Xªk¤Æ¡C (¦b¥t¤@¤è­±¡M¤½®×¥[²`»P¥h
¯«¸Ü¤ÆªºÃöÁp®É¡M¤£¥iÁקK¦a·|¨Ï¥Î¨ì³\¦h¬Û¦üªº¯«¸Ü©Î¥Á
¶¡¬G¨Æ¡M´N¦n¤ñ¦Ê¤VÁI®v¦b¹Ú¹Ò¤¤¹J¨£©M©|ªº¨Ò¤l¡M¥H¤Îª°
¯Wªº¤Æ¨­©M¦³¨â±øÆF»îªº¤k¤H¯à¤Æ¨­©ó¤£¦P¦a¤èªº¨Ò¤l¡C)
(µù18)Ãö©ó³o¤@ÂI¡M·í¥N¤¤¨ü¨ì¬h¥Ð¸t¤s©Ò¼vÅTªº¬ã¨sªÌ¡M
¤w¸g¹ï³o¨Ç¸ê®Æ¶i¦æ¤ÀªR¡M¦P®É¤]¹ï³o¨ÇÁI©v¯ª®vªº¯«¸t¤Æ
§Î¶H¥[¥H½èºÃ¡Q¦]¦¹¡M¹³¬OµÐ´£¹F¼¯©M¼z¯àªº­I´º¤§¾ú¥v©Ê
´N¦³¤H´£¥X½èºÃ¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¨Ó»¡¡M¹³Takayuki Nagashima´N
ÅGºÙ¥L¤w¸gÃÒ©ú¤F¼z¯à¨Ã¡u¤£¦s¦b¡v¡M¥L»{¬°¤»¯ªªº¦a¦ì¥u
¬O¤@ºØ¡u¶H¼x¡v(µù19)¡C
µM¦Ó¦³¦n¦h½èºÃ©¿²¤¤F¨¥½Í¤ÀªRªº¥D­n°ÝÃD¡R¥ç§Y³o¨Ç
ÁI¾Ç¤åÄmùØ¡MÁI¸Ü¦Û¨­ªº¶Ç»¡©ÒÄ­²[ªº¤å¾Çµ²ºc©M¥\¯à¬O¤°
»ò¡S¥Ñ©ó¦b¤f¶Ç¤§ªì©M¤å¥»¼g¦¨ªº®É¶¡¤W¦³¤@¬q¶ZÂ÷¡M¦]¦¹
¬Y¨Ç¾ÇªÌ»{¬°§º¥N§@«~¡K¡K¥]¬A¤F½s¦~¥v©M¨ã¦³³Ð³y©Êªº¤½
®×¡K¡K¬O¤@ºØ¨S¸¨ªºªí¼x¡M¤]¬O¤@ºØ´Á¬ßµÛ¦^Âk®ɳu¥h¥ú
´ºªº¶m·T¡C¦Ó¨ä¥Lªº¾ÇªÌ«h¬O§â§º¥N¸àÄÀ¬°¤@­Ó¡u¶Àª÷®É¥N
¡v¡K¡K¤@­Óºî¦X¤F«e¤@®É¥N¤¤¤£¦P¾Ç»¡¡M¶i¦Ó¯à°÷¯u¥¿³Ð³y
¤§®É¥N(µù20)¡M¦Ü©ó²Ä¤TºØ¬Ýªk¡M«h¬OÂǥιêÃÒ¥D¸q©Î¸Ñºc
¥D¸qªºÆ[ÂI¡M»{¬°§º¥Nªº§@«~¬O¦b¤@µo©úªº¡M©ÎªÌ¬O©_·Q¦a
¦^¾Ðªº®É¥N¤¤¼g¦¨¡M¦Ó¨º­Ó®É¥N¤D¬O¤@­Ó¥»½è¤W¿ò§Ñ¤F¶Ç²Î
ªº®É¥N¡K¡K¦ý¬O³o¤@­Ó¦b½s¦~¥v¤¤©Ò´y­zªº¶Ç²Î¡M«o¤]³\¦s
¦b¦ý¤]³\¤£´¿¦s¦b¹L¡C
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------------------------------

(µù 18) ¡mµLªùÃö¡n²Ä¤G¤Q¡M¤T¤Q¤­«h¡C

(µù 19) Takayuki Nagashima, Truth and Fabrication
in Religion (London: Arthur Probsthain,
1978), 327¡C

(µù 20) Ãö©ó¡u¶Àª÷®É¥N¡vªºª§½×¥i°Ñ¨£ Buswell, 359
(µù8)
¡C
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§x¹Ò®É¡M­Ë¬O¦³¤@±ø¸ô¥i¥H¸õ²æ¶}¨Ó¡M¨º´N¬O¤£­n¥H¹ê»Úªº
¾ú¥v¨Ó¤ÀªRÁI¾Ç¡M¦Ó¬O¥H¤åÄm¥v¨Ó¤ÀªRÁI¾Ç¡M¬ù¿«¡E°¨©Ô«×
(John Maraldo)¦p¬O»¡¹D¡M³o­Ó¤èªk¡u¬OµÛ­«©ó¤åÄm¼Ò¦¡ªº
µo®i¤W¡M¨Ã¥B¤]ÁקK¹ï¥L­Ì¦Û®a»¡ªk©M¹ê»Ú¥v¹êªº»¡ªk¥[¥H
»{©w¡K¡K(³o¦n¤ñ»¡¬O)¤åÄm¼Ò¦¡¤D¬O¨M©w»y¨¥§Î¦¡¦P¤@©Êªº
¼Ð·Ç¡C¡v
(µù21)¦]¦¹¡M¹ï©ó¾ú¥v¾ÇªÌ¦Ó¨¥¡M³o¤@°ÝÃD¬Ý°_¨Ó
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¤@­Ó¦®¦b©óµo²{ÁI¾Çºë½o¤å¤Æ¤U¡MÃö©ó¡uºë¯«²z©À¡v©Î¡u©v
±Ð¨å½d¡vªº°ÝÃD(µù22)¡C¤@¦p¬h¥Ð¸t¤s¦b¨ä¦³Ãö©ó¾÷½t°Ýµª
¤åÄmªº¥D­nµÛ§@¤¤¡M¥L±j¯P¦a¥D±i¡R°£«D¬ã¨sªÌ¯à°÷¦P·P¨Ã
¥B²`¤J½s¦~¥v·í®É¹B§@ªº¡u©v±Ð»¡¸Üªº¡v±¡¹Ò¤¤¡C§_«h³oºØ
ÁI¾Ç¥vªººÃ¥j¬ã¨s¬O¤£°÷ªº(µù23)¡CµM¦Ó¡M¦pªG§Ú­Ì±q¤åÄm
ªºÆ[ÂI¹ï±Ô¨Æ©M®Ñ¼gªºÃö«Y¥[¥H¦Ò¶q¡M¨º»ò³oùتº°ÝÃD¨Ã¤£
¬O¦p¦ó¬É©w¥X¥j¨å©M«á¥j¨å®É´Áªº°ÝÃD¡M¤]¤£¬OÃö©ó¤å¥»¦b
¾ú¥v»{©w¤W¬O§_¥¿½T©Ê¯à³QªÖ©w©Î§_©wªº°ÝÃD¡C¦Ó¬O¦b©ó¡M
¤å¾Ç§åµû©Î¨¥½Í¤ÀªRªº¥Øªº¡R¤D¬O¥Î¨ÓÅã¥Ü¥X¹ï¸Ü©M½s¦~¥v
¤¤¡M¤¶©ó¯u²z©M¤èªk¤§¶¡ªº©úÅã¥Ù¬Þ¬O¥i¥HÂǥѤ£¦P¤èªkªº
¤ÀªR¨Ó¥[¥H¸Ñ¨M¡QÁaµM³o¨Ç¤åÃþ¤w¸g´x´¤¦íÁI¸Üªº­n¯À¡M (
¨Ã¥B / ©ÎªÌ)²`«ä¼ô¼{¦a¤©¥H»~¸m¦b¸û¤jªº¤åÄmµ²ºc¤§©v±Ð
¶H¼x¥D¸q¯ßµ¸¤¤¡C

¤T¡NÃö©óµÐ´£¹F¼¯¶Ç»¡»P¹ï¸Üªº±Ô¨Æ
¾Ç©M¤ñ³ë¾Ç

²{¤µªº°ÝÃD¬O¡R½s¦~¥vùسo¨Çºë½oªº¡N¨t²Îªº¡N¯«¸Ü¤Æ
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------------------------------

(µù 21) Maraldo, 160-61.

(µù 22) Bernard Faure, "Bodhidharma as Textual and
Religious Paradigm," History of Religions,
25/3 (1986), 187-98¡C

(µù 28) ¬h¥Ð¸t¤s¡M17-18¡C¦¹¥~¡M¦bMaraldo¡M154. ¤]´£
¨ì¡C

191­¶

©M¹ï¸Ü»P¤½®×ùسo¨Ç¨ãÅ骺¡N¶h»Dªº¡N¥h¯«¸Ü¤Æªº¸Ü»y¡M¨â
ªÌ¤§¶¡¬Û¤¬Ãö³sªº¥Øªº¬O¤°»ò¡S¦b³o³æ¤¸¡M§Ú±N¤Ï¹ï¤@¯ë¥Ø
ªº½×ªºÆ[ÂI¡M³oºØ¥Øªº½×ªºÆ[ÂI»{¬°§Ú­Ì¥i¥H§â½s¦~¥vµø¬°
¤@¥ô·N³B²zªº°ò¥»¸ê®Æ¡M¥¦¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó´£¨Ñ¹ï¸ÜªºÃD§÷¡M»P¦¹
¬Û¹ïªº¡M§Ú©Ò¥D±iªº¤D¬O¡R¹ï¸Ü¬O¬°µÛ½s¦~¥v¦ÓªA°È¡M¥ç§Y
¤H­Ì¥i¥H³z¹L¹ï¸Ü©Ò§@¥Î¦Ó¦¨ªº°ò¥»¤å¾Ç³æ¦ì¡MµM«á¥[¥Hºë
¤ß²ÓÆw¡M¨Ã¥B±q¤¤¿ï¾Ü¨Ó«P¶i»P§ïµ½±Ô¨Æµ²ºc¡C³o­Ó¤èªkªº
ÃöÁä¬O¦b©ó¡M¦p¦ó¤ÀªR¹ï¸Ü¦b¨â­Ó¤£¥i¤À¶}ªº¼h­±¤W¹B§@¡R
¤@­Ó¬O±q¸û¤jªº±Ô¨Æ¾Çµ²ºc´£¥X§»Æ[ªº(©Î¼sªxªº)¼h­±¡M¥t
¤@­Ó«h±q¤ñ³ë¾Çµ²ºc¤§·LÆ[ªº(©Î±K¶°ªº)¼h­±¡M§â»y¨¥¹êªp
©¹¨Óªº»¡¸Ü­±»ª¤©¥H¤ÀªR¡C
¦pªG¹ï¸Ü©M±Ô¨Æ¬O±K¤Á¦a¬ÛÃö³s¦Ó¤£¬O¬Û¹ï¤Ï¡M¨º»ò§Ú
­Ì­º¥ý¥²¶·±qªí¹Fªº¼Ò¦¡¨Ó¦Ò¶q±Ô¨Æ¯«¸Ü¤Æªº·N¸q¡C¤@¦p¹F
¼Ö¡EµÜ¯S(Dale Wright)©Ò«ÅºÙ
(µù24)¡MÁI¾Ç½s¦~¥vªº±Ô¨Æ
¹ï©ó¾ú¥vªº³B²z¤èªk¡M¤£¨£±o´N¬OºØ¯Ê³´©Î®zÂI¡M¬Û¹ïªº¡M
¥¦¤Ï¦Ó¯à¬ðÅã¥X¤@ºØ²`«ä¼ô¼{ªº§P©w¡M¦Ó³o¤@§P©w¥i¥H´NÁI
©v¾Ç²Î©M¶Ç©Óªº·N¸q¨Óµo²{³Ì¬°¾A·íªº¤¬°Ê¼Ò¦¡¡C¨Ã¤£¬O§Ú
­Ì§ä¤£¨ì§ó¦nªº¤èªk¤~¿ï¥Î±Ô¨Æ¨Ó°O¿ý¾ú¥v¡M¦Ó¬O¤@¦p§õ¼Ú
¶ð (Jean-Paul Lyotard)©Ò¨¥¡M¦]¬°¥¦¬O¤@ºØ¨¥½Íªº¼Ò¦¡¡M
´N¥¿½Tªº·¾³q¦Ó¨¥¡M¥¦¤ñ°_¬ì¾Çª¾ÃѪº»¡©ú§ó¯à¨ÏÅ¥²³«HªA
©M¼s¶Ç¡C±Ô¨Æ¬OÂǥѨ¥»¡©M¤å¦rªº¹B¥Î¨ÓÂà¤Æªù®{ªº´¼¼z¡M
©Ò¥H±Ô¨Æ¬O¤@ºØ±Ð¨|¡Q¦¹¥~¡M´N±Ô¨Æ§l¤Þ¦íŪªÌªº§ë¤J³oÂI
¨Ó¬Ý¡M´N¦n¤ñ¸m¨­©óÁI©v¯ª®v­Ìªº®É¥N¤@¼Ë¡M¤@¤@¦a¤Ï¬M¥X
­«¤j¨Æ¥óªº¨ÓÀs¥h¯ß¡M©Ò¥H±Ô¨Æ¬OºØ
------------------------------

(µù 24) Dale Wright, "Historical Understanding in
the Ch'an Transmission Narratives," presented
at the 1990 annual meeting of the American
Academy of Religion in New Orlean, Wright
²Ó¤ß¦a«ü¥X¡RÁI©v¾Ç²Î©Mªk²Îªº·N¸q¤D¬O¨ü¨ì¤¤°ê
¯ª¥ý±R«ôªº¼Ò¦¡©Ò¼vÅT¡C

192­¶

¨Æ¥ó°O¿ý(transactional)
(µù25)¡CÃö©ó³oÂI¡CùÄõ¡E¤Ú¯S
(Roland Barthes)´¿¸gÂǥѴy¼g§@ªÌ (§Y¤å¥»¤§¡u¼g§@¦a¡v
¼h­±ªÌ) ©Ò³ê°_¤¬°Ê©Ê©M¿Ë±K©Ê¡M©MŪªÌ (©Î¡u¾\Ū¦a¡v¼h
­±ªÌ) ´r§Ö¦a¾\Ū¦Ó°Ñ»P¤F¡u¤å¥»¤§¼Ö½ì¡v¡C¶i¤@¨B±j½Õ¨Æ
¥ó°O¿ýªº­n¯À(µù26)¡C
ªñ¨Ó±Ô¨Æ²z½×ªº¬ã¨s«ü¥X¡M±Ô¨Æµ²ºcªº²£¥Í¦³´X­Ó¥D­n
ªº¦]¯À¡C³o­Ó¥Ñ¤@°ò¥»¤å¾Ç³æ¦ì©Î¤å³¹®Ö¤ß©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº±Ô¨Æµ²
ºc¡M¬O¦b (¦Ü¤Ö) ¨â­Ó¸û°ª¸û½ÆÂøªº¼h­± (¤@­Ó¬O±q¯S¼xµo
®i©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº¼h­±¡M¥t¤@­Ó¬O¥Ñ©Ò¦³ªº­pµe©M¥DÃD©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº¼h
­±) ªº­«­n¥DÃD½Ä¬ð¤U¤©¥Hºî¦X¡M¦P®É³z¹L®É¶¡ªº­«·s¾ã½s
¡M¶i¦Ó§âÃö©óÃöÁ䪺¹y®©®É¨è¤§¹L¥h¡N²{¦b©M¥¼¨Óªº¤£¥i¤À
¶}©Ê©M¶W¶V¶Ç©Ó©Ê¥[¥H´x´¤(µù27)¡C ¦bÁI¾Ç½s¦~¥v¤¤¡M¾÷
½t°Ýµª¡K¡K§YÁI¹ï¸Ü¡M¤D¬O¡u­«­nªººt¥X¡v (preeminent
enactment )¡M¦]¬°¥¦¤£¶È¥u¬O»¡¸Ü§ó¬O¥]§t¤F®i¥Ü¡K¡K
(µù28)¹ï©ó±Ô¨Æªº½ÆÂø©Ê¦Ó¨¥¡M¥¦ªº§@¥Î¦n¤ñ¬OIJ´C¯ëªº°ò
¤¸©Î®Ö¤ß¡M¦]¬°¦bºî¦Xªº¼h­±¤W¡M­º¥ý½s¦~¥v¤D¬O­Ó§OÁI®v
­Ì¿W¯Sªº¶}®©¸gÅç¡M¤@¦p¦b»y¿ý¤¤©Ò¾Q³¯ªÌ¡Q¨ä¦¸½s¦~¥v¤D
¬OÁI®v»PÁI®v¤§¶¡¾÷½t°Ýµªªº¨î¦¡¹Lµ{¡M§Y±q¥å¥j¨ì¥Ø«e¶Ç
¿O¿ý©Ò´y­zªÌ¡M¦]¦¹¡M½s¦~¥vÂǥѹï¸Ü¨Ó§â¥Í²P¥­¤ZªºÁI®v
¤§¶Ç©Ó¥[¥H¯«¸Ü¤Æ©M¸t¾Ç¤Æ¡MµM¦Ó¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡M³o¤@¾ã­Ó­^¶¯
¯ë¥ô°Èªº¹Lµ{»ö
------------------------------

(µù 25) Jean-Francois Lyotard, The Postmodern
Condition: A Report on Knowledge
(Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,
1984), 19-22¡C

(µù 26) Roland Barthes, The Pleasure of the Text
(New York: Noonday, 1975)¡CFoucault ¤]¥H¬Û¦ü
ªº¤èªk¦b "What is an Author?" ¤¤°Q½×¡u§@ªÌªº
¥\¯à¡v¡M°Ñ¨£A Foucault Reader, 108f¡C

(µù 27)Wallace Martin, Recent Theories of Narrative
(Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press,
1986), esp.112f dealing with Tomaschevsky,
Barthes, Chatman¡C

(µù 28) ³o¤@­Ó¨ü¨ì¬f©Ô¹Ï©Ò¼vÅTªºÆ[ÂI¡M¥i°Ñ¨£Seymour
Chatman, Story and Discourse: Narrative
Structure in Fiction and Film (Ithaca and
London: Cornell University Press,1978)¡C

193­¶

¦¡¡M«o¤Þ°_¤F¤H­Ì¹ï·¥­­©Ê(liminality)©³¤ÀªR¡CµS¦p­S¡E
Á§¯I¤R(Van Gennep)¡N¯S¯Ç(Turner)©M§¢¤R¨©º¸(Campbell)
µ¥¤H©Ò´£¥Ü
(µù29)¡CÁI®vªº¬G¨Æ¬O±q¥Lªº¥X¥Í¡N­I´º©M±Ð¨|
Âȳ³®i¶}¡Q¤]³\ÁI®v¬O¥X¥Í¦b¥@®a¶Q±Ú¦Ó¥B±N¨Ó¤]¥i¯àÅã¹F
¡M¦ý¬O¥L³Ì«áÁÙ¬O·|¬°¤Fºë¯«¸Ñ²æªº½t¬G¿ï¾Ü¤F¥X®a­×¦æ¡M
¤@¦pµÐ´£¹F¼¯ªº¨Ò¤l¡Q¦¹¥~¡MÁI®vªº¬G¨Æ¤]·|±q¨õ·Lªº­I´º
¶}©l¡M¤@¦p¼z¯à¥Ø¤£ÃѤBªº¤åª¼¨Ò¤l¡C¦b©v±Ð°l´Mªº²Ä¤@­Ó
¶¥¬q¡M¤D¬O¦]¬°¬Y¤H¹ï¶Ç²Î¸g½×ªº¥¿½T¸ÑÄÀ¦³µÛ¼ö¤Á´Á¬ß¡M
¦ý¬O«o¤S¥Rº¡µÛ§x´b©M¤£±o¨ä¸ÑªºµL§U·P¡M®É±`¦]¬°¸g¤å¤¤
ªº·N¸q¤Ó½ÆÂø¦Ó¦Ê«ä¤£¸Ñ¡Q©ó¬O³o¼Ëªºµ²ªG«K±N§x¹ÒÂàÅܦ¨
±Ò»Xªº«ü¤Þ¡M¥ç§Y¬°¤F´M§ä¥¿½Tªº¸g®v¦Ó¶i¦æ¥ÃµL¤î¹Òªº°l
´M(µù30)¡C³¡¤Àªº­W´o©M§x´b¤D¬O¦]¬°¥u¦³«Ü¤Ö«Ü¤Öªº¤ÑªÇ
¹¬¦Ñ®v¯d¤U¨Óªº½t¬G¡CµM¦Ó¡M¦b¸g¹L¦h¦~ªº¯S®í¾Ç²ß©M±Ð¨|
«á¡M«o¬ðµM¥X²{¤FÀ¸¼@©Ê¬ð¯}ªºÁI®©¸gÅç¡M¥¦Á`¬O¦b§Ì¤l³Q
¤@´X¥G¬O»´²v¦a¦Û«H¥H¤Î¤£¥i¯à·|¥Ç¿ùªºÁI®v¡K¡K¥Lª¾¹D¦p
¦ó¥h¸Ñ®ø§Ì¤l©Ò°õµÛªº©ÀÀY¡M®É±`¨Ï¥Î¯îÂÕªº¤èªk¡M¹³¬O·í
ÀY´Î³Ü©Î¨Ï¥Î¬YºØ¤£¦P©ó¤@¯ë§Î¦¡ªº«ÕÀq¡K¡K²Û°d©Î©}¨õ¨ì
¤F»·«D§Æ±æ©MµL
------------------------------

(µù 29)³o¨ÇÃö©ó»ö¦¡ªº¹Lµ{©M­^¶¯¥D¸qªº²z½×¡M³q±`´y­z
¦¨¤T­Ó¶¥¬q¡R­º¥ý¡M¦]µÛ¾÷½t©Î¥l³ê¦ÓÂ÷¶}¡QµM«á
¡M«]­­©Î¸ó¶V¹L¥XµoÂI¦Ó±o¥H¹ê²{¡Q³Ì«á¡M­«·s¤S
¦^¨ìªÀ·|ªº¯ßµ¸¡M¨Ã¥B¹B¥Î¤F±o¹D¤§¶¡ªºÅéÅç¡C³o
¨Ç¨Ò¤l¡M¥i°Ñ¨£ Victor Turner, The Ritual
Process: Structure and Anti-Structure (
Chicago: Aldine, 1969), 94f¡C ¦Ü©ó¡MÃö©ó±Ô¨Æ
©M­^¶¯¶H¼x¥D¸q¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡MHayden White¼g¹D¡M
¡u¾ú¥vªº±Ô¨Æ¤£¥u¬O¾ú¥v¤§¤¤³Q³ø¾Éªº¨Æ¥ó¤§­«¶ì
¦Ó¤w¡M¥¦¦P®É¤]¬O¤@­Ó½Æ¦Xªº¶H¼x¡K¡K¥¦¥i¥HÅý§Ú
­Ì¦b¤å¾Ç¶Ç²Îªº¨º¨Ç¨Æ¥óªºµ²ºc¤¤¡M¹ï©ó¾ã­Óµ²ºc
¹Ï¹³ªº´M§ä¦Ó¨¥¡Mµ¹§Ú­Ì«ü¥Ü¡C¡v¥i°Ñ¨£Tropics
of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism
( Baltimore and London: John Hopkins
University Press,1978), 88¡C

(µù 30)Ãö©óÁ{ÀÙ©M¼w¤s¤§¶¡¬Y¨Ç¬Û¦üÂIªº»¡©ú¡M¥i°Ñ¨£¬h
¥Ð¸t¤sªº "The Life of Lin-chi I-hsuan,"
Eastern Buddhist, 5/2 (1972), 73¡C

194­¶

±æ¡M¦³©À©MµL©À¤§«á¦Ó²£¥Í
(µù31)¡C·íµM¡M³o¶}®©ªº±¡ªp¦U
¦Û¤£¦P¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡M¼w¤s¡K¡K¤@¦ìºë³q¡mª÷­è¸g¡nªº©M©|¡C
¥L¥¿©ó´M³X¦Ñ®vªº®È³~¤¤¡K¡K­º¦¸¬O³Q¤@¦ì½æ¿|»æªº¦Ñ¤Ó±C
§éªA¡M¦o±q¸g¤å¤¤¤Þ¤F¤@¥y¥©§®ªºÂùÃö»y¡M§éªA¤F¼w¤sªº¾Ç
°Ý¡C¦b¦¹«á¤£¤[¡M·íÀs¼æÁI®v§jº¶Àë¤õ®É¡M«o´£¨Ñ¼w¤s¤@±ø
¶}®©ªº¸ô¡M©ó¬O¼w¤s«K¹y®©¤F¡C±Ô¨Æªº³Ì«á¶¥¬q«h¬OÃö©ó·s
Ä~©ÓªÌªºÄ~Äò°l´M¡M¥ç§Y¬°¨ä¶Ç©Ó¨M©w¾A¦XªºÄ~©ÓªÌ¡M¦Ó¦¹
¤@Ä~©ÓªÌªºªì¨B»{©w¬O»Ý­n³z¹L»y¨¥(©Î/©M)«D»y¨¥ªº©¹¨Ó
¶i¦æ¡M¨Ã¥B¥L³Ì«á¥²¶·¬O¦³¯à¤O¶W¶V¦Ñ®vªº¤H¡C
¦b¸û§Cªººî¦X¼h­±¤¤¡M¹ï¸Üªº¥\¯à¬O¬°¤F³Ð³y¥X¨ãÅé­«
­nªº¤H¤§³B¹Ò¯ßµ¸¡M¦Ó³o¯ßµ¸¬O³z¹L¾÷½t°Ýµª©Ò¦Ûµo¦Óµo¡C
¹ï¸Ü´x´¤¦í¸Ñ²æ®É¨è¡M¥H­P©ó¦b¶}®©«e«áªº°ª¼é©M§C¨¦Âà¤Æ
¤U¡M¸gÅç¨ì¤F®É¶¡©Ê¡C·í³o¨â¦ì¤w®©©M¥¼®©ªº°Ñ»PªÌ¡M¤À§O
ªí²{¥XÃÒ®©©M°g´bªºµL®É¶¡©Ê¨å½d®É¡MŪªÌ­Ì¤]¦]¦¹³]¨­³B
¦a±N¦Û¨­§ë¤J³o¤@±¡¹Ò¡M¤]´N¬O»¡¡M¹CÀ¸¯ë¦a·Q¹³¦p¦ó¦^µª
ÁI®v­ÌÄY­Vªº½è°Ý¡M©ÎªÌ¦p¦ó¿Å¶q¤@­Ó¹x±j¥B¥¼¶}®©ªº§Ì¤l
¡C¦b¬Y¨Ç½s¦~¥v¤¤¡M¾÷½t°ÝµªªºÔU©Î¦º¤`ªºÔU¤]¬O¥t¤@ºØ²
¼äªº¤åÄm¼Ò¦¡¡M¥¦­Ì¦³§U©ó¾ã­Ó¬G¨Æ©M±Ô¨Æªº¹Lµ{¡M±o¨ìºî
¦Xªº¦ê³s¡C¦b¸û°ªªººî¦X¼h­±¤W¡M½s¦~¥vªº¥Øªº¬O¬°¤F§â±Ô
¨Æªº¤º®e¬y¶Ç¤U¨Ó¡M³o¨Ç¤º®e¤À§O¬O¥H·½°_¡NÄòÅܪº´y¼g¤è
¦¡¡M©M§âÁI©v¥Î¨ÓÂà¤Æ¦òªkªº²M´·¤èªk¤§Ä~Äò®É´Á¡M¨Ó¶D»¡
¾ú¥v¡C¦p¦¹¤@¨Ó¡M¹ï¸ÜÅܦ¨¬O¡u(®É¶¡ªº)µø°ì¿Ä¦X¡vªº¤@®°
µ¡(µù32)¡Q¨Ã¥B¡M¹ï¸Ü¦b®v®{¤§¶¡¤]¬O¤@­Ó¥DÆ[ªº¡N¥H¸gÅç
¬°°ò¦ªº¯u¹ê°Ýµªªí²{¡M¦Ó¦¹¤@ªí²{¤ñ°_¦­´ÁµÐ´£¹F¼¯³z
------------------------------

(µù 31) Ãö©óÁI¾Ç°ÝÃDªº¤@­Ó¦³½ìªº·í¥N»¡©ú ¡M¥i°Ñ¨£
Morinaga soko, "My struggle to Become a Zen
Monk," in Zen, 13-29¡C

(µù 32)³o¤@¬q¸Ü¨£©óPaul Ricoeur, Time and Narrative
(Chicago and London: University of Chicago
Press,1988) III, 220¡C

195­¶

¹L¨ãÅé¥i¨£ªº²Ú¨Óªí¥Ü¡MÁÙ¨Ó±o¦³¤O¶q
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»{¾ú¥v½s¶°¾Ç(historiography)¡M¦]¬°¾ú¥v½s¶°¾ÇªºÆ[ÂI»{
¬°¡R±Ô¨Æªº¥D­n¯S¼x¡K¡K±o¹DªºÁI®v¡K¡K¨Ã¤£¬O¹ê½èªº¦s¦b
ªÌ¡M¦Ó¬O¤@ºØ¹ï©ó¦Û§Úµo²{©Ò¤Ï¬M¥X¨Ó¤§¤¬¬°ÅܰʪºÂà¤Æªº
¥i¯à©Ê¡C¦]¦¹¡M¤¬¬°¤å¥»©Ê±a§Ú­Ì¶i¤J©Ò¿×¡u¤¬¬°¤H®æ©Ê¡v
ªº¤å¥»ÃöÃh¡M¤@¦p§B¯Ç¡Eªk·ç (Bernard Faure)¼g¹D¡R¹ï©ó
¤å¥»¦Ó¨¥¡M­^¶¯¡uÀ³¸Ó³Q¸àÄÀ¬°¤@ºØ¤å¥»©M©v±Ðªº¨å½d¡M¨Ã
¥B¤£¯à¥H¾ú¥vªºÆ[ÂI©Î¤ß²z¾Çªº¥»½è¨Ó¥[¥H­«ºc¡v(µù34)¡C
®Ú¾ÚùÄõ¡E¤Ú¯S©Ò¨¥¡R¡u¡y§Ú¡z¤£¬O¤@¥ý©ó¤å¥»ªºµL¶d¥DÅé
¡M¡K¡K³o­Ó±µªñ¤å¥»ªº¡y§Ú¡z¡M¥¦¦Û¨­¤w¬O¨ä¥¦¤å¥»ªº¦h¤¸
©Ê¡M¤]¬O¨º¨ÇµL­­ªº¡M©Î§óºë½T¦Ó¨¥¡M¬O¿ò¸¨ (¨ä°_·½¬O¿ò
¸¨)¤§«H¸¹ªº¦h¤¸©Ê¡C¡v(µù35)
¤W­z¨âºØºî¦X¼h­±ªº¼vÅT³Ð³y¥X¤@ºØ¶Ç¹F°T®§ªº¨¥½Í¼Ò
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¹ï¸Üªº½s¦~¥v©Ò´y­zªº¡Mªí²{¥X¦òªkªº¥Í¬¡¨ã²{¡M¦Ó¤£¥Î¨Ì
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------------------------------

(µù 33) Maraldo, 165¡C¦¹¥~¡MPhilip B. Yampolsky ¤]
°Q½×¨ì¯«·|¥H¦òªk¶Ç©Óªº¶H¼x¡M¨Ó«Ø¥ß°_¹F¼¯ªº¦ç
²Ú¡M¥i°Ñ¨£The Platform Sutra of the Sixth
Patriach (New York: Columbia University
Press, 1967), 27¡C

(µù 34) Faure, 190, ³o¬O¨ü¨ìFoucault "What is an
Author ?" ªº¼vÅT¡C Foucault ¼g¹D¡R¡u§@ªÌªº¦W
¦r¹üÅã¥X¯S©w»y¨¥²Õ¦Xªºªí²{¡M¨Ã¥B«ü¥X¦b¤@­ÓªÀ
·|©M¤å¤Æ¤§¤º¨¥½Í©Ò³Bªº¦a¦ì¡C¡v(107)¡C ¦¹¥~¡M
¥i°Ñ¨£David Tracy, Plurality and Ambiguity:
Hermeneutics, Religion, Hope(San Francisco:
Haper, 1987), 45¡Q and White, 88f¡C

(µù 35) Roland Barthes, S/Z, trans. Richard Miller
(New York: Hill and Wang, 1974),10¡C

(µù 36)®Ú¾Ú³o¨ÇÁI©vªº¸ê®Æ¡M¥ç§Y³o¨Ç­º¥ý¥X²{©ó§º´Â¡M
¥B¤SÄÝ©óµÐ´£¹F¼¯ªº¸ê®Æ¤D¬O¡u±Ð¥~§O¶Ç¡M¤£¥ß¤å
¦r¡v¡C³o¤@­Ó¡u¥¿½Tªº¡v¶Ç©Ó¬O»P«nÁI©v¬ÛÃö³s¡M
¨Ã¥B«n¤¤°ê¤D¬O¦ò±Ðªø¤[¥H¨Ó©Ò«Ø°òªº¦a¤è¡Q¨£
Weinstein, 4¡C

196­¶

«Y§ó¨Ï±oÁI©vªº¶Ç©Ó²¾Âà©MÄ~©ÓÀò±o«HªA
(µù37)¡C³o¤@ÂI¨Ï
±oÁI©v¯à°÷©M¤TºØ¤¤°êªº¼öªù©v±Ð«H¥õ¬ÛÄvª§¡CÁ|­Ó¨Ò¤l¡M
ÁI©v±j½Õ­Ó¤H­×¦æÅéÃÒ­«©ó¸g¨åªº¾Ç²ß¡M³o¤@ÂI¦P¼Ë¬O¬ÛÀ³
©ó²Îªv¶¥¯Åªº²z¾Ç¤h¤j¤Ò¤§¤H¤åºA«×(µù38)¡CÁÙ¦³¡MÃö©óÁI
®v³Q¯«¤Æªº¶Ç»¡¤¤(¹³¬O¹F¼¯ªº¨Ò¤l)¡M¯«¿Ù©M±fª«±R«ôªº©Ê
½è¤]¨Ï±oÁI©v¦¨¬°¹D±Ð¡K¡K¥H¥P¤H¬°¤¤¤ßªº¥Á¶¡©v±Ð¡K¡Kªº
¹ï¤â¡Q¨Ã¥B¡M¹ï¸Üªº¤½¦¡¤Æ©M­«½Æªº¯S½è¬O«Ü®e©ö³Q¤H°O¾Ð
©M¤Þ­z¡M¦]¦¹³o¤]¨Ï±oÁI©v¦h¤F¤@ºë¯«¤Wªºµ¦²¤¡M¯à©M²b¤g
¦ò±Ðªº©À¦ò¬Û¤ñ¸û¡C
¦b¤å¤Æªº§Î¦¨¤¤¡MÁIªº¿W¥ß©Ê¡K¡K¤]¨ü¨ì¹D®a­õ¾Çªº¼v
ÅT¡M¯S§O¬O²ø¤l©Òµ½¥Îªº¡u¥g¨¥¡v¡K¡KªþÄÝ©ó¹ï¸Ü©M¤½®×ªº
¤è¦¡¤¤¡M¸Õ¹Ï¥h§â©v¬£ªº­^¶¯¤Hª«¤§¾ú¥v¯«¸Ü¤©¥H¥h¯«¸Ü¤Æ
¡M©ÎªÌ¦b¯«¸Ü¤§¨¥½Íªº«Øºc©M¸Ñºc¤§¶¡¥[²`¨âªÌªº¤¬°Ê¡C³o
Âù­«ªºÁͶժº­«­n¨Ò¤l¬OµÐ´£¹F¼¯ªº°O¸ü¡Q®Ú¾Ú¡mÄ_ªL¶Ç¡n
(¤K¡³¤@)©M¨ä«áªº½s¦~¥v©Ò°O¡MµÐ´£¹F¼¯¬O²Ä¤G¤Q¤K¥Nªº¯ª
®v¡M¦P®É¤]¬O¤¤°êÁI®vªº©l¯ª¡C½s¦~¥v¤¤´£¨ìµÐ´£¹F¼¯¬O¤@
°ê¤ýªº²Ä¤T­Ó¨à¤l¡M¥L¥H¤@®ÚĪ¸«´ç¹L¤F´­¤l¦¿¡M¦Ó¥B¥L­±
¾À°ÑÁI¤@ª½¨ì°Ñ®©¤F¡M¤@¦@¦b¤s¬}ùبH«ä¤F¤E¦~¡Q¦¹¥~¡M¥L
©R¥O³Ì±o·Nªº§Ì¤l¦b­·³·¤§¤¤¬å±¼¤âÁu¥Hªí©ú§Ì¤lªº¨M¤ß¡C
¦b¬Y¨Çª©¥»ªº¶Ç»¡¤¤¡MµÐ´£¹F¼¯¦]¬°¾Ö¦³¤F¯«³q¦Ó³Q¤H­Ì¯«
¤Æ¡M³o¨Ç¨ÆÂÝ¥]¬A§JªA¤F¯e¯f¬r®`©M¦º¤`¡C¦b·í¥Nªº¤é¥»¤å
¤Æ¡MµL¸}ªº¹F¼¯¤£­Ë¯Î (¥H§¤ÁI¨I«äªº¥~§Î¥H¤Î¬Ù²¤¤F¤â¸}
ªº«½«½) ·N¨ýµÛ¦n¹B®ð©Î¦³¯«ªº«OÅ@¡M¦b¹F¼¯
------------------------------

(µù 37) Ãö©ó guru-sisya ¤§¦L«×Æ[ÂIªº¸ÑÄÀ¡M¥i°Ñ¨£
William Cenkner, A Tradition of Teachers:
Sankara and Jagadgurus Today (Delhi: Motilal,
1983), 15-19 esp¡C

(µù 38)¨£Miriam Leveringªº½×¤å¡M"Ch'an Enlightenment
for Laymen: Ta-hui and the New Religious
Culture of the Sung¡¨(Harvard, 1978), on the
role of Ta-hui in propogating Rinzai Zen
amongst the literate elite¡C

197­¶

¤§«áªºÁI®v¤j³¡¤À¨Ã¤£¥H¯«³qªÌªº¤âªk¥[¥H´y­z¡M¦Ó¬O¥H§ó
¬°³q«Uªº¤è¦¡¨Ó´y­z¡M¦ý¬O¹³¹w¨¥©Êªº¹Ú¡M¨ü°Oªk·|©MÃö©ó
¤H¨Æªº¦ÛµM²Å¼x¡K¡Kµ¥µ¥¯«Âݪº¨Æ¥ó¡M´X¥G¬O¦P¼Ë¦aÀH¦ñµÛ
³o¨ÇÁI®vªº¨C¤@¶¥¬q¡C
¦ý¬OÁI®vªº­Ó¤H¨å«¬©M±Ð¸q«ü¾É©Ò¥Nªíªº¥h¯«¸Ü¤Æªº¹L
µ{¡M¤]¤Ï¬M¦b¯«¸Üªº¨C¤@¤è­±¡C¨ä¤¤¤ñ¸û¿E¶i©M·¥ºÝªº¨Ò¤l
¡M¹³¬O¼w¤s§â¡m«CÀs²¨¶r¡n¿N·´¡M©MÁ{ÀÙ©Ò»¡ªº¡u³{¦ò±þ¦ò
¡v³o¥y¸Ü¡M³£¹ï©ó¹Ï¹³©M¸t¹³ªº±R«ô¥[¥H»´½°¡CÃö©óµÐ´£¹F
¼¯ªº¥h¯«¸Ü¤Æªº´y­z¬O¦b¥L©MªZ«Òªº·|½Í¤¤´£¨ì¡M³o©Î³\¥i
¥H°l·¹¨ì¯«·|¦b¤C¤T¤G¦~©M¦b¤@¡³¡³¥|¦~¤§¡m´º¼w¶Ç¿O¿ý¡n
®É¥Nªº»¡©ú¡M¦Ó¥B³o¶Ç²Îªº»¡ªk¤wÅܦ¨¤F¡uÁI©v¶Ç©_¤¤³Ì´¶
¹M¥B³Ì«ù¤[ªº¶Ç»¡¡v
(µù39)¡C®Ú¾Ú³o¤@¬G¨Æ¡MµÐ´£¹F¼¯§i¶D
ªZ«Ò¦L»s¸g¤å©M«Ø³y¦x¼q¡u¨ÃµL¥\¯à¡v¡M¦]¬°±©¦³¡u¹øµMµL
¸t¡v(¼s¤j¤§ªÅµL¡MµL¤@¬O¯«¸t)¡M½Ñ¦p¡u§Ú (µÐ´£¹F¼¯¡M·N
§Y¡y´¼¼zªk¡z)¤£ÃÑ (§Ú¦Û¤vªº¦W¦r)¡v(µù40)¡C§ó¬ÆªÌ¡MµÐ
´£¹F¼¯¨ì¹F¤¤°êªº¶Ç»¡¤]³Q¦n´X­Ó¤½®×©Ò¯A¤Îªº°ÝÃD¡M¦b¶Ç
»¡¤¤¥h¯«¸Ü¤Æ¡C³o°ÝÃD¬O¡R¡u¦p¦ó¬O¯ª®v¦è¨Ó·N¡S¡v¦b¡mµL
ªùÃö¡nªº²Ä¤T¤Q¤C«h¤¤¡M»¯¦{¥H¡u®x«e¬f¾ð¤l¡vªºµL©w½×¨Ó
¦^µª¡Q¦b¡mºÑÅÉ¿ý¡nªº²Ä¤G¤Q«h¤¤¡M¨â¦ìÁI®v(»A·L©MÁ{ÀÙ)
¥H¡u¥»¨ÓµL·N¡vªº§_©w¨Ó¤Ï»é¡Q¨Ã¥B¦b¥t¤@­Ó¹ï¸Ü¤¤¡M°¨¯ª
¥H¥´§Ì¤l¨Ó¦^µª§Ì¤lªº°ÝÃD¡M¦Óµ²ªG¬O§Ì¤l¦Û¦æ¶}®©¬°¦¬³õ
(µù41)¡C
¦bÁI¹ï¸Ü¤¤¡M¯«¸Ü©M¥h¯«¸Ü¶É¦V¤¤ªºÃö«Y¨s³º¬O¤°»ò¡S
¥¦­Ì¬O¥Ù¬Þ©Î¬O¬Û®eªº¡M¦pªG¬O«áªÌªº¸Ü¡M¨º»ò³o¬O¸g¹L³]
­p©Î¬O°¸µM²£¥Íªº¡S¸Ñ¨M³o°ÝÃDªº¤@ºØ¤èªk¬O¥h«ü¥X¤@ÄÇ´I
±ÒµoªºÃþ¤ñ¡M¨ä¤@¡M¬OµÐ
------------------------------

(µù 39) Yampolsky, 27¡C

(µù 40) ¡mºÑÅÉ¿ý¡n²Ä¤@«h¡C

(µù 41) ³o³Ì«áªº±¡§Î¬O¤Þ­z©ó Robert E. Buswell,
"Ch'an Hermeneutics: A Korean View," in
Buddhist Hermeneutics, ed. Donald S. Lopez
(Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988)
, 238¡C

198­¶

´£¹F¼¯³ÌµÛ¦Wªº¤@¬q¹ï¸Ü¡K¡K¹F¼¯°Ý¥L¥|¦ì­nÄvª§¦¨¬°¶Ç¤H
ªº¥D­n§Ì¤l¤§¹ï¸Ü¡K¡K©M¥t¤@¡M«h¬Oºû¬ì (Vico)¡M ªÖ¥§¯S
¡E¬f§J (Kenneth Burke) ¥H¤Î³Ìªñªº®üµn¡EÃh¯S (Hayden
White) µ¥¤H¹ï©ó¡u¥|­ÓÁI®v¤ñ³ë¡vªº­×Ãã·í¥N¤ÀªR¤§¶¡§@
¤ñ¸û¡C ®Ú¾ÚÃh¯Sªº¤ÀªR¡M«e­±¤T­ÓÁI®vªº¤ñ³ë¤D¬OÁô³ë
(metaphor)¡MÂà³ë (metonymy) ©M´£³ë (synecdoche)¡M¥L
­ÌÂǥѹï¤ñ©M³s±µ¦Ó«Ø¥ß¤F¦P¤@©Ê¡Q ¦Ó²Ä¥|­Ó¤ñ³ë¡K¡K¤Ï
¿Ø¡M ¤Á¤J¤F°ÝÃD¨Ã¥BÂÇ¥ÑùØÃä³]­pªºÃþ¤ñ¡M ¶i¦Ó¸Ñ®ø¤F¥ô
¦óªº°õµÛ¡C Ãh¯S³z¹L¥L©Ò¿×ªºÄ´³ë°Ý¦¡ªºº©½Íªk (the
erracstic "diatactial" shifting)¡M¦Ó¤£¬OÅÞ¿è¦üªºÅGÃÒ
ªk¡M¨Ó´y­z¨¥½Íªº¶i¦æ¡R¡u¨¥½Í¼Ò¦¡©Òªí²{¥X¨Óªº­ì©l¨å«¬
¡M¥¦»Ý­n¨¥½Íªº±Ô¨Æ¡y§Ú¡z±q¤@¸gÅç¼h­±ùس̪쪺Áô³ë¯S¼x
¤Æ¤¤²¾¶}¨Ó¡M¨Ã¥B¸g¥Ñ (¥¦ªº°ò¦ªº)¡v Âà³ëªk¸Ñºc¡M¶i¦Ó
¨ì¹F (¤¶©ó¥¦ªí­±ÄÝ©Ê©M¥¦°²³]ªº¥»½è¤§Ãö«Yªº) ´£³ëªkªí
¶H¡M³Ì«á¡M¨ì¹F¤@¤£½×¬O¬Û¤Ï©Î¹ï¥ß¡M³£¯à°÷¦Xªk¦a¥H¨¥½Í
ªí¶Hªº²Ä¤T¶¥¬q¤§¦P¤@¾ãÅé¡M¨Ó¥[¥HÃѧOªºªí¶H
(µù42)¡C
¤ñ³ë©M¤ñ³ë¤§¶¡ªº¹B§@¬O«Ü±µªñÃh¯S©Ò´y­zªº¤è¦¡¡M¥ç
§Y¤@¦pµÐ´£¹F¼¯­n¥Lªº§Ì¤l¥H²¼äªº¸Ü¡M®i¥Ü¥L­Ì©Òª¾¹Dªº
¦òªk¯u¿Í(µù43)¡C²Ä¤@­Ó§Ì¤l (¹D°Æ) »¡¡R¡u¤£°õ¤å¦r¤£Â÷
¤å¦r¦Ó¬°¹D¥Î¡v¡CµÐ´£¹F¼¯¹ï©ó³o¤@ºØ¥HÁô³ë©Êªº©Î»y¨¥¤u
¨ã©Êªº²z¸Ñ¡M¤©¥H¦^µª¡R¡u¦¼±o§^¥Ö¡v¡M¥L·t¥ÜµÛÁô³ë¬O¨ã
¦³±Ð¨|»ù­È¡M¥i¬O°ò¥»¤WÁÙ¬O¦³­­¨î¡C²Ä¤G­Ó§Ì¤l(¥§Á`«ù)
»¡¡R¡u§Ú¤µ©Ò¸Ñ¦p¼y³ß¨£ªüÉI¦ò°ê¡M¤@¨£§ó¤£¦A¨£¡C¡vµÐ
------------------------------

(µù 42) White, 5¡C¦¹¥~¡M°Ñ¨£David E. Klemm, "Toward
a Rhetoric of Postmodern Theology: Through
Barth and Heidegger," Journal of the
American Academy of Religion IV / 3 (1987),
443-69¡C

(µù 43)°Ñ¨£¡m¤jÂøg¡n¡M²Ä¤­¤Q¤@¥U¡CNo.2076¡C ¦¹¥~¡M
¹D¤¸¦b¡m¥¿ªk²´ÂáE¸¯Ãë~¡nªº¸àÄÀ (¤j³¡¤À¥H»¯
¦{¤§»y¿ýªº¶h»D¬°°ò¦) ¤Ï¹ï¤@¯ëªºÆ[ÂI¡M¹D¤¸»{
¬°¥|­Ó¦^µª³£¬Ûµ¥¡Mµ´¨S¦³°¾¦n¨IÀq¦Ó©¿²¤¨¥½Í¡C

199­¶

´£¹F¼¯»{¥i³o¤@ºØ¦ò¤g©MµL¦WªkªºÂà³ë©Ò³sµ²¡M¦Ó§e²{¥X¬Û
¦üªº¸û²`¼h¦¸¡C¹F¼¯¦^À³»¡¡R¡u¦¼±o§^¦×¡v¡C²Ä¤T­Ó§Ì¤l (
¹D¨|) ªº¦^µª¬O¡R¡u¥|¤j¥»ªÅ¡M¤­³±«D¦³¡M¦Ó§Ú¨£³BµL¤@ªk
¥i±o¡C¡vµÐ´£¹F¼¯¹ï©ó³o¤@ºØ¥|¤j©M¤­Ä­¬°²×·¥¹ê¦bªº´£³ë
ªkªí²{¡M©Î§â³¡¤À©M¾ãÅé²Î¤@ªº­õ¾Ç¡K¡K¤@ºØ¨å«¬ªºµØÄY©M
¤Ñ¥x¤§¾ãÅé½×(holistic)­õ¾Ç¡K¡Kªº¦^µª¬O¡R¡u¦¼±o§^°©¡v
¡C·í²Ä¥|­Ó§Ì¤l(¼z¥i)¥u¬O®¥·q¦a§«ô«á¨Ì¦ì¦Ó¥ß¡M«o¤£´¿
¶}¤f»¡¸Ü¡K¡K¤@ºØ¹ï©ó«e¤TºØªº­­¨î©Ê©M¥Ù¬Þ©Ê¦^µªªº¤Ï¿Ø
¦¡¸Ñ®ø¡CµÐ´£¹F¼¯»{¦P¦aªí¹F¡R¡u¦¼±o§ÚÅè¡v¡C
³o¨Ç¹ï¸Ü¦Û§Ú¤Ï¬Ù¦aªí²{¥X¤@ºØ»Ý­n¡M¥ç§Y¨Ï¥Î¤£¦P¨¥
½Í¼Ò¦¡ªº»Ý­n¡M¦Ó³o¨Ç¨¥½Í¼Ò¦¡¬O¥Ñ¾A·íªº(»~¸Ñ©Î)²z¸Ñ©Ò
²Õ¦¨¡M©ÎªÌ¬O¥ÑÀH¾÷±Ð¨|¤Wªº»Ý­n©Òºc¦¨¡C³oºØ»Ý­n©M°¨¯ª
¦b¡uÄU¤p«Ä¤l¤£­n­ú¡v®É©Ò±Ä¨úÀH¾÷À³µªªº¤èªk¬O¬Û¦Pªº¹D
²z¡M¥u¬O°¨¯ª±Ä¨ú­õ¾Çªº¥ß³õ¨Ó¦^µª¡Q©ÎªÌ¡M³oºØ»Ý­n¤]©M
Á{ÀÙªº»¡ªk¬Û¦P¡M¥ç§Y¥u¬O¤@ºØ¡uªvÀø¯e¯f¡v¤Wªº»Ý­n¡CµÐ
´£¹F¼¯ªº¹ï¸Ü¥]§t¥B§Uªø¤F¯«¸Ü¤Æ©M¥h¯«¸Ü¤Æ¤§¶¡ªº¤¬°Ê¡Q
¨ä¤¤¡M¯«¸Ü¤Æ¬O¥Ñ¨¥½Í¼Ò¦¡ªºÁô³ë¥\¯à©Ò§Uªø¡M¦Ó³oºØ¨¥½Í
¼Ò¦¡ªºÁô³ë¥\¯à¬OÃþ¦ü©ó«e¤TºØ¤ñ³ë¡Q¦Ü©ó¡M¥h¯«¸Ü¤Æ«h¬O
¤Ï¬M¥X«e­±ªº¤ñ³ë³Q²Ä¥|­Ó¤ñ³ë¤Ï¿Ø¦a¸Ñ®ø¡CÁI®vÂǵۨϥÎ
¤£¦P§Î¦¡ªº¤Ï¿Ø¡K¡K½Ñ¦p§t½k¡M¼Ò¸W¨â¥i¡M´åÂ÷¤£©w¡M¤Ý¸Þ
©MÁ¼»y¡K¡K¨Ó¯}¦]ŧ¡M°Ï¤Æ¥X³Ì«á¤@­Ó¤ñ³ëªº¯}Ãa©Ê¯S¼x¡C
µL½×¦p¦ó¡M³oºØ¸g±`¦bÁI¸Ü¤¤©Ò¨Ï¥Îªº¨IÀq¡Mªí²{¥X¤@ºØ¤Ï
¿Øªº¤èªk¡M¨Ã¥B¥¦¤£À³¸Ó¥H¥¦¦Û¨­¬°¥Øªº¦Ó³Qµ´¹ï¤Æ¡M¤Ï¦Ó
À³¸Ó§â¥¦·í§@¼È®É©Ê¤§¾ãÅ鵦²¤¤¤ªº¤@³¡¤À¨Ó²z¸Ñ¡C¤@¦p¹D
¤¸¦b¥H»¯¦{ªºµù¸Ñ¬°°ò¦ªº¡m¥¿ªk²´ÂáE¸¯Ãë~¡n¤¤©Òµû½×
¡MÃö©óµÐ´£¹F¼¯ªº¥|­Ó¦^µª¡K¡K©M³o¥|­Ó¤ñ³ë¡K¡KÁöµM¬O¤£
¦Pªº»ù­È¡M¦ý³£¬O¬Ûµ¥¡C¤Ï¿Øªº¥Øªº¬O¬°¤F¸Ñ®ø¨ä¥¦¤ñ³ëªº
Áô³ë¤Æ¡M¦ý¬OÁI¾Ç¦b¹F¨ì³o¤@­Ó¥Øªºªº¦P®É¡M¤]¦]¦¹¦Ó¦^¨ì
¤é±`¥Í¬¡¤¤ªº¨C¤@¨ãÅé¨Æ¬ÛùØ¡M

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ªÖ©w¤F¨ä¤¤¥­¤Z¦Ó³æ¯Âªº­±»ª¡M´N¦p¦P³oºØ¡u¨£¤s¬O¤s¡M¨£
¤ô¬O¤ô¡vªº·N¹Ò¬yÅS
(µù44)¡C©ÎªÌ¡M¦pªG§Ú­Ì¥Î«á²{¥Nªº³N
»y¨Óªí¹F¡M¨º»òÁI¾Ç©ÒªÖ©wªº¥­¤Z­±»ª¤D¬Oªí²{¥X¡u¤@ºØ±q
©Ò¦³§Î¤W¾Ç¤¤¤ßªº©TµÛ¤¤¡M¸õ²æ¶}¨ÓªºµLÃä¶}©ñ©Ê¡K¡K (ÂÇ
µÛ)¤å¥»ªº¯à«ü¦Ó¹ý©³µõ¨M¦a¦Û¥Ñ¹CÀ¸¡K¡K¡v(µù45)

¥|¡Nµ²½×¡RÁI¾Ç¤§¤f¶Ç©Ê©M®Ñ¼g

Á`¦Ó¨¥¤§¡M¦bÁI¾Ç¤åÄmªºµo®i¤¤¡M§Ú­Ì¹ï¤f¶Ç©Ê¨¤¦â©Ò
§@ªº¤ÀªR¡M«ü¥X¤F¤f¶Ç¨Ó·½©M®Ñ¼g¤å¥»¨âªÌ¤§¶¡¡MÃö©ó¾ú¥v
³sµ²¤¤ªº¥Øªº½×»{©w¡M¬OµLªk»´©ö¦a³Q½×ÃÒ¡C¨s³º¬O¹ï¸Ü³Q
»~¸Ñ¡MÁÙ¬O³Q³Ð³y¡S©Î³\³o°ÝÃD¬O¨S¦³©w½×¡M¦ý¬O¦³¨ä¥¦´X
­Ó²­nªº¦a¤è¡K¡K¥]¬A¥|¦æÔU¹|¡MÂà»y (turing words) ©M
µÛ»y (capping words)¡K¡K¥H¤Î¦b¤½®×¶Ç²Î¤¤¥X²{ªº¤f¶Ç©Ê
¼Ò¦¡(¦b¸ÜÀY¤§«á)©M¤µ¤é¤´µM±`¥Îªº¨âºØ¼Ò¦¡ (µM¦Ó¦b¥»¤å
¤¤µLªk¤@¤@¤ÀªR)¡M¬OÀ³¸Ó´£¨ìªº¡C«á¨Ó¤f¶Çªº¥\¯à¤§¤@¤D
¬O¹ê¦æ¤Wªº¯S¦â¡K¡K¤£±`³Q°O¿ý¡K¡K¡M¥ç§Y·í§Ì¤l¦^µª¬Y¤@
¯S©w¤½®×®É¡M©¹©¹·|­n¨D¥L´£¥X¦³¤Oªº½×ÃÒ©M¸Ô²Óªº¤º®e¡M
³o¬O¦]¬°¥¿½Tªºµª®×¦­³Q¬y³qªº¤å¥»¬y¶Ç¶}¨Ó¡M¨Ã¥B¬°¤H©Ò
¼ôª¾¡C¥t¥~¡M¬O»¡±Ð©Î´£°Ûªº¨¤¦â¡M¥ç§Y®v¤÷¬°¤F¤è«K¶}¥Ü
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------------------------------

(µù 44) Ãö©ó¡u¥­¤Z­±»ª¡vªºÁô³ë¡M¥i°Ñ¨£Tracy, 92¡C¦Ü
©óÃö©óÁIªº­ß·Q¤å¾Ç¡M¥i°Ñ¨£Heine, "The Flower
Blossoms Without Why': Beyond the Heidegger-
Kuki Dialogue on Contemplative Language,"
Eastern Buddhist 23/2 (1990), 60-86¡C

(µù 45) Steve Odin, "Derrida and the Decentered
University of Chan/Zen Buddhism" Journal of
Chinese Philosophy 17 (1990), 84¡C

201­¶

½g½×¤å¤w¸g­«ÂI¦¡¦aÀˬd®Ñ¼g§Î¦¡ªº¹ï¸Ü¤§¥\¯à¡M¦Ó³o¤@ºØ
®Ñ¼g§Î¦¡ªº¹ï¸Ü¤§¥\¯à¬O¸g¥Ñ¤f¶Ç¹ï¸Üªº½s¦~¥v¡M³z¹L¹üÅã
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(µù46)¡C
¦³¤@­Ó¤èªk¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¸àÄÀÁI¾Ç¤f¶Ç©Ê©M®Ñ¼g¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y
¡M¥ç§Y¬O§âÁI¾Ç©M¦è¤è¶Ç²Î§@¤@²­nªº¤ñ¸û(µù47)¡C®Ú¾Ú¡m
³Ð¥@¬ö¡nªº°O¸ü¡M·í¤W«Ò¤¹³\¤H­Ì´À¨ä¥¦¥Íª«©R¦W®É¡M©ó¬O
¤f¶Ç©Ê«K²£¥Í¡C¤]¦]¦¹¡M¤£¶È¤HÃþ¯à°÷®Ú¾Ú«ÈÆ[¼Ð·Ç¥hÃѧO
¡M¼Ð¥Ü©M¤ÀÃþ¥X¦s¦bª«¡M¦Ó¥B¤H­Ì¤]¯à°÷³z¹L³Ð³y¸gÅ窺½Æ
Âø©Ê©M¥»¯u©Ê¡M¨Óºc¦¨¥DÆ[ªº·Q¹³¡M¦Û¥ÑªºÁp·Q©M¤Û·Q¡C§Ú
­Ì¤§©Ò¥H¯à°÷³Ð³y¥X¯«¸Üªº±Ô¨Æ¡M³oºØ³Ð³yªº¯à¤OºÝ¿à©ó¦¹
¡C¦ý¬O¡m³Ð¥@¬ö¡n¦P®É¤]¹ï»y¨¥ªº¥i¯à©Ê³zÅS¥X¤@ºØ¬}¨£¡M
¥ç§Y¥¦¦ü¥G¤]¾É­P¤F²V²c©M¿ù»~¡CµL½×¦p¦ó¡M±q«á²{¥NªºÆ[
ÂI¦Ó¨¥¡M¤Ú¯S¹ï©ó¤Ú§O¶ðªº¹ý©³¾\Ū¡M»¡©ú¨Ã¥B´£¥Ü¤F¤@ºØ
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¡M¡u»y­µªº²V²c¤£¦A¬O¤@ºØÃg»@¡M
------------------------------

(µù 46) Mark C. Taylor, Erring: A Postmodern A /
theology (Chicago and London: University of
Chicago Press, 1984)¡M117¡C

(µù 47) Ãö©ó¤f¶Ç©Ê¦b¦è¤è¯«¸Ü¾Ç©M¤å¾Çªº¨¤¦â¡M¥i°Ñ¨£
Robert Scholes and Robert Kellog, The Nature
of Narrative (New York: Oxford, 1966), 17-
56 (Chapter 2)¡C

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¥F (absence)¡N§_©w¡M©Î¬O¡u¦W¡vªº«O¯d¡C¹ï¨È¨½´µ¦h¼w (
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¸Ñºc©M­«ºcªº¹Lµ{¤§¤¤¡C¡v(µù50)
------------------------------

(µù 48) Barthes, 34¡C

(µù 49) White, 4¡C

(µù 50) Taylor, 179¡C