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The Religious Traditions of Japan, 500–1600 |
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| Author |
Bowring, Richard John (著)
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| Date | 2005.09 |
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| Pages | 502 |
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press |
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| Publisher Url |
http://uk.cambridge.org/
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| Location | Cambridge, UK [劍橋, 英國] |
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| Content type | 書籍=Book |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Note | Richard Bowring is Professor of Japanese Studies at the University of Cambridge and Master of Selwyn College, Cambridge. His interest in Japanese culture is wideranging and he has written extensively on such topics as Murasaki Shikibu from the eleventh century and Mori Ōgai from the nineteenth, as well as co-authoring the Cambridge Encylopedia of Japan (Cambridge University Press, 1993) and a number of Japanese language textbooks. |
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| Abstract | The Religious Traditions of Japan, 500–1600, describes in outline the development of Japanese religious thought and practice from the introduction of writing to the point at which medieval attitudes gave way to a distinctive pre-modern culture, a change that brought an end to the dominance of religious institutions. A wide range of approaches using the resources of art history, social and intellectual history, as well as doctrine, is brought to bear on the subject. It attempts to give as full a picture as possible of the richness of the Japanese tradition as it succeeded in holding together on the one hand Buddhism, with its sophisticated intellectual structures, and on the other hand the disparate local cults that eventually achieved a kind of unity under the rubric of Shintø. Much of this book is concerned with the way in which Buddhism used the local cults to consolidate its position of hegemony while at the same time offering an example against which Shintø could slowly invent itself. An understanding of this process of constant and at times difficult interaction is essential to a deeper appreciation of Japan’s history and its cultural achievements. |
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| Table of contents | List of illustrations page ix
Preface xi
Glossary of commonly used Buddhist terms xiv
A note on dates xvi
Abbreviations xvi
Introduction
Terminology 1
Shintō 3
Buddhism 4
Preview 6
Part I The arrival of Buddhism and its effects (c.538–800)
Chronology 12
1 The introduction of Buddhism 15
1.1 Gifts from Paekche 15
1.2 Patronage at court 19
1.3 The ‘Beetle-wing’ cabinet 23
2 Creating a dynasty 36
2.1 The problem of succession 36
2.2 Native beliefs 38
2.3 The Jingikan 41
2.4 Inventing the past 46
3 Buddhism and the early state 54
3.1 The emergence of a religious organisation 54
3.2 Sūtras to protect the state 64
3.3 The Medicine King and the Pensive Prince 68
4 Monuments at Nara 77
4.1 Kōfukuji 77
4.2 Tōdaiji 78
4.3 The question of ordination 86
4.4 Explaining anomalies 88
4.5 Hachiman 91
4.6 Twice a sovereign 94
4.7 Buddhist scholarship 98
Part II From Saichō to the destruction of Tōdaiji (800–1180)
Chronology 110
5 The beginnings of a ‘Japanese’ Buddhism: Tendai 113
5.1 The situation in 800 113
5.2 Saichō 115
5.3 The Tiantai tradition 119
5.4 The Lotus Sūtra 125
5.5 The creation of Tendai 129
6 The beginnings of a ‘Japanese’ Buddhism: Shingon 135
6.1 K√kai to China 135
6.2 Fundamental characteristics of tantric Buddhism 141
6.3 K√kai returns 146
6.4 The creation of Shingon 148
6.5 The Shingon tradition after the death of K√kai 151
7 Buddhism and the state in Heian Japan 153
7.1 Tendai politics 153
7.2 Tantrism triumphant 162
7.3 Religious aspects of life at court 168
8 Shrine and state in Heian Japan 179
8.1 Kasuga 179
8.2 Cataloguing the native gods 184
8.3 The Ise and Kamo shrines 191
9 The rise of devotionalism 196
9.1 Turning to face west 196
9.2 Amitåbha’s vows 198
9.3 Early Pure Land Buddhism 200
9.4 Covenanting for salvation 204
9.5 Visions of heaven and hell 212
10 In a time of strife 217
10.1 Prophecies of doom fulfilled 217
10.2 Pilgrimages to Kumano 222
10.3 Japanese monks in Song China 226
10.4 The spread of tantric modes of thought 229
Part III From the destruction of Tōdaiji to the fall of Go-Daigo (1180–1330)
Chronology 242
11 For and against exclusive practice of the nenbutsu 245
11.1 Hōnen 245
11.2 Myōe 253
11.3 Shinran 262
12 Religious culture of the early ‘middle ages’ 267
12.1 Baking the cake 267
12.2 Tōdaiji and Ise 268
12.3 Of deer and monkeys 274
12.4 A dream of swords and sheaths 280
13 Chan Buddhism 287
13.1 The early development of Chan 287
13.2 Chan meditation techniques 293
13.3 Chan after the end of the Tang 295
13.4 Chan in the thirteenth century 301
14 Zen Buddhism 304
14.1 The beginnings of Zen in Japan 304
14.2 Eihei Dōgen 308
14.3 Official patronage 317
15 Reform from within and without 321
15.1 The Saidaiji community 321
15.2 Dancing to salvation 328
15.3 Worshipping the Lotus 332
16 The emergence of Shintō 344
16.1 Japan in 1280 344
16.2 The maṇḍalisation of Japan 345
16.3 Watarai Shintō 351
16.4 New myths of origin 354
16.5 The literal reading of metaphor 358
17 Taking stock 363
17.1 Buddhist historiography 363
17.2 Metropolitan Zen 368
17.3 Zen in the countryside 371
Part IV From the fall of Go-Daigo to the death of Nobunaga (1330–1582)
Chronology 380
18 Two rival courts 381
18.1 Class as a factor 381
18.2 Go-Daigo’s legacy 384
18.3 Saving the souls of warriors 391
18.4 The growth of Pure Land congregations 394
18.5 The Lotus sects 397
19 Muromachi Zen 400
19.1 The five mountains 400
19.2 ‘Those below the grove’ 404
19.3 Three men of Zen 409
20 The end of the medieval 419
20.1 Yoshida Shintō 419
20.2 The rise of Honganji 423
20.3 Playing with fire 426
20.4 Jesuits 430
Appendices: Reading Shingon’s two maṇḍala 436
The Diamond World maṇḍala 436 |
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| ISBN | 9780521851190 (hc); 052185119X (hc) |
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| Related reviews | - Book Review: The Religious Traditions of Japan, 500-1600 by Richard Bowring / Aubin, Françoise (評論)
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| Hits | 158 |
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| Created date | 2005.07.22 |
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| Modified date | 2023.10.17 |
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