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墳墓形制與風水信仰 : 福建與琉球(沖繩)的事例 =On the Patterns of Graves & the Beliefs of Fengshui: Some Cases in Fujian and Okinawa |
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陳進國 (著)=Chen, Jin-guo (au.)
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| Source |
新世紀宗教研究=New Century Religious Studies
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| Volume | v.4 n.1 |
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| Date | 2005.09 |
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| Pages | 2 - 54 |
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| Publisher | 世界宗教博物館發展基金會附設出版社 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://www.mwr.org.tw/
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| Location | 臺北縣, 臺灣 [Taipei hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者為中國社會科學院世界宗教研究所副研究員 |
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| Keyword | 墳墓形制=Morphologies of graves; 風水信仰=Beliefs of fengshui; 金水墓=Jinshuimu; 龜殼墓=Guikemu; 椅子墳=Yizifen |
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| Abstract | 本文根據風水書籍、族譜及實地調查，分析了福建（閩南／客家／福州）及琉球（沖繩）典型的墳墓形制之結構形態及風水觀念內涵。墳墓的營造樣式具有承氣接脈、制泄煞氣、收迎水等功用，被視?直接關涉著風水吉凶和人事禍福。特別是墓丘和墓碑的營造樣式向無定式，堪稱是陰陽五行生剋觀念在喪葬「器物」層面上的生動展現。「椅子墳」或「交椅墳」、「龜殼（甲）墓」或「類龜殼墓」等民俗用語，契合了當地人所賦予墳墓樣式的「關鍵象徵」。而「金水墓」的民俗用語，更形象地展示了墳墓形制與風水信仰的密切關係，亦是一個富有包容性的界說。儘管說南方墳墓形制可能內化著中國式的宇宙觀，但由於不同地方的墳墓營造法則存在著多樣性，加上風水理論運用的多樣性，實際象徵內涵更為複雜些。當然，我們也不能誇大附加於墳墓形制上的風水象徵因素，而應綜合考慮多重地域的民俗文化元素的混合作用。
Based on the study of fengshui and genealogical literature and fieldwork, this article attempts to analyze typical morphologies of graves in Fujian (Southern Fujian, Hakka community & Fuzhou, to be exact) and Okinawa and fengshui implications thereof. It is believed that the constructional forms of graves are linked to the gathering of positive qi (energy), the averting of negative qi and the receiving of water (prosperity), and thus directly associated with good or ill fortune and weal or woe. Particularly, grave-mounds and gravestones never follow set morphologies, which permits vivid manifestations of the ideology of mutual promotion and restraint between yin and yang (negative and positive principles in nature) and between wuxing (five elements) on such funerary artifacts. Yizifen or jiaoyifen (chair-shaped grave) and guikemu or leiguikemu (tortoise-shell-shaped grave) in folk parlance communicate symbolism embedded in these graves' morphologies by local people, while Jinshuimu (metal & water grave), a comprehensive expression, sheds more light on the close relationship between grave morphologies and fengshui beliefs. Though the morphologies of southern graves might embody Chinese cosmology, the diversity of localized grave architecture, coupled with the diversity of applied fengshui, complicates symbolism per se. A caveat is that the fengshui symbolic factor in grave morphologies should not be overstated; rather, a multidimensional approach allowing for a constellation of local folk cultural factors is justified. |
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| ISSN | 16843738 (P) |
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| Hits | 1133 |
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| Created date | 2006.08.16 |
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| Modified date | 2020.01.13 |
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