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近代日本の仏教と国家 =Buddhism and Nation in Modern Japan
Author 末木文美士 =Sueki, Fumihiko
Source 宗教研究=Journal of Religious Studies=シュウキョウ ケンキュウ
Volumev.79 n.2 (總號=n.345)
Date2005.09.30
Pages317 - 338
Publisher日本宗教学会
Publisher Url http://jpars.org/
Location東京, 日本 [Tokyo, Japan]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language日文=Japanese
Keyword仏教と国家; 島地黙雷; 清沢満之; 田中智学; 靖国神社
Abstract近代日本においては、強大な国家権力のもとに、宗教はなすすべもなく従属していたかのように見られがちである。しかし、最終的には国家権力に屈服したとはいえ、近代日本の宗教思想家たちは宗教とは何かを真剣に追求する中で、宗教と国家の関係を問い続けてきた。ここでは、三人の明治の仏教思想家を取り上げ、その成果と問題点を明らかにしたい。島地黙雷は宗教の自由を確立したが、宗教を個人の心の問題に限定することにより、神仏関係や、葬式仏教の問題が抜け落ちることになった。清沢満之は宗教が国家を超えることを明らかにしたが、他者に関する把握が不十分であったため、世俗の倫理をそのまま認めることになった。田中智学は宗教国家の確立をめざしたが、仏教と国家の一体性が前提とされ、世俗国家をそのまま認めることになった。これらの仏教思想家たちが共通して忘れていた死者の問題は、靖国神社としてかえって国家神道において採用されることになった。

It must be admitted that religions were submissive to the nation in modern Japan, and supported the aggressive war with little resistance. It should also be admitted, however, that religious thinkers earnestly investigated the problem of the relation between religions and nation when they tried to establish their ideas on the nature of religion. In this article, I would like to examine the ideas of three Buddhist thinkers in the Meiji period on the relation between Buddhism and nation, and try to find out the reason why their ideas could not become a principle of resistance against the power of the nation. Shimaji Mokurai, who established freedom of religion, restricted the field of religion to individual minds, and thus could not provide a principle for criticizing national policy. Kiyozawa Manshi, who investigated the philosophical nature of the Absolute Infinitive, could not make clear the nature of the Otherness of the Absolute Infinitive and could only give in to the secular ethics of the nation. Tanaka Chigaku, who aimed to establish a religious nation, could not recognize the antagonism between nation and religion, and ended up uncritically following national policy. After having examined the ideas of these three thinkers, I would like to mention some aspects of the problem of Yasukuni Shrine, in order to clarify the relation between Buddhism and Shinto in modern Japan.
ISSN03873293 (P)
Hits1156
Created date2006.11.09
Modified date2019.06.11



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