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既成仏教教団の構造 -- 真宗大谷派の教勢調査に基づいて=The Organic Structure of Established Buddhist Sects in Japan
Author 三浦節夫 =Miura, Setsuo
Source 宗教研究=Journal of Religious Studies=シュウキョウ ケンキュウ
Volumev.80 n.3 (總號=n.350)
Date2006.12.30
Pages23 - 45
Publisher日本宗教学会
Publisher Url http://jpars.org/
Location東京, 日本 [Tokyo, Japan]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language日文=Japanese
Keyword教団の構造; 人口減少; 既成仏教; 真宗大谷派; 教勢調査
Abstract 長い歴史と伝統をもつ既成仏教については、これまで教義に関する研究はあっても、教団組織を対象とする研究はほとんどない。この論文は、日本仏教を代表する真宗大谷派という既成教団を具体的な対象とし、既成仏教教団の組織と活動を構造的に理解することを目指したものである。既成仏教には特殊性と一般性の二面が組織に内在しているといわれている。江戸時代までに既成仏教としての性質を確立した真宗大谷派は、明治以後、蓮如によって作られた講を再編成した。講が教団の組織と活動の基盤となったが、天皇制国家体制下で、真宗大谷派の教団は国家の統制と保護を受けた。昭和二〇(一九四五)年の敗戦により、天皇制国家体制は崩壊した。農村共同体を基盤としていた真宗大谷派も、教団の構造が揺らいだ。新たに同朋会運動という信仰運動が展開されたが、教団に内在する封建的構造に制約を受けて停滞した。真宗大谷派は、このような内部問題を抱えながらも、寺院を含む教団の基本の儀式は維持してきた。しかし、最近になってこの儀式の執行率と参加者数が減少してきた。そして、将来、日本では人口減少が確実視されている。これによって既成仏教教団の構造がどう変わるのか、その予測はまだ立っていない。

We have less research data on the structural aspect of temples and devotees of established Buddhist sects than that of the doctrinal aspects, which have their own history. The purpose of this paper is to understand the structure and movement of the Otani sect of the Shin denomination, one of the leading sects of established Buddhist orders in Japan. It is natural that the established order should have dual organic characters, that of the devotee as well as that of the order. The Otani sect had firmly formed its own character by the Edo period, and after the Meiji period, reformed the confraternal meetings (ko) of the devotee, first established by Rennyo, a great leader of the sect. Ko meetings were the foundation of the structure and movement of the sect. The Otani sect was controlled and protected by the government under the imperial (tenno) system. After Japan was defeated in World War II (1945), the Otani sect, which has its foundation in the rural areas, was forced to meet changes in the sect itself, and tried to form a new movement of the devotee named the Dobokai (society of brethren). But it stagnanted under the influence of the feudalistic character inherent in the sect. Even with such problems, the Otani sect has continued to maintain its traditional rituals and temples. However, it is certain that the Japanese population will diminish in the near future, and we cannot predict how this will affect the structure of traditional Buddhist organizations.
ISSN03873293 (P)
Hits892
Created date2007.08.23
Modified date2019.06.18



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