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漢地佛教與藏傳佛教本土化之歷史考察=Localizing Han and Tibetan Buddhism:A Historical Study |
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| Author |
班班多杰
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| Source |
中國社會科學=Social Sciences in China
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| Volume | n.5 |
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| Date | 2004.09 |
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| Pages | 151 - 166, 208 |
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| Publisher | 中國社會科學出版社 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.csspw.com.cn/
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| Location | 北京, 中國 [Beijing, China] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Keyword | 漢地佛教; 藏傳佛教; 本土化; 文化傳播 |
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| Abstract | 本文對印度佛教在漢地和藏區本土化發展的歷史軌跡進行了考察,並對二者進行了比較。作者著重根據自己爬梳藏文文獻所得資料,對佛教在藏地本土化的歷史過程進行了論述。作者指出,佛教在兩地本土化的路徑可分為前宗派時期和形成宗派後兩個時期。前宗派時期,在漢地表現為佛教始終居於已有社會體制之外, 自身則逐漸吸收本土的文化因數;在藏地,表現為與當地的制度建設相融合,並致力於自身的體制化。形成宗派後,兩地佛教宗派的發展一方面具有相似的內在邏輯, 另一方面,在教義教規、修持方式以及與政治的關係等具體問題上,則呈現出歷史的多樣性。在漢地,佛教同漢地之儒、道兩家發生了既相互排斥,又相互吸收的關係。其結果,一方面是佛教的儒學化;另一方面,是儒學冶儒、釋、道三教於一爐,建立了以心性義理為綱骨的理學體系,儒、佛、道三教並行不悖,形成了以儒為主,以佛、道為輔的不均衡三角關係。在藏區,首先是佛教的苯教化,之後,佛教居於主導意識形態的地位,而苯教則吸收了佛教的理論、體系和儀軌,成為“陽苯陰佛”的佛教化的苯教,退居邊緣,佛教與苯教從而形成了“中心—邊緣”的格局。文末,作者從文化傳播的角度,對印度佛教在漢地和藏區本土化發展不同歷史軌跡所體現的內在邏輯進行了討論。
An account is offered of the localization of Buddhism in Han and Tibetan regions following its introduction from India, based on a close reading of Tibetan manuscripts and documents. Each region's history is divided into pre-sectarian and sectarian periods. In the pre-sectarian era, Buddhism was excluded from local social institutions in the Han area while gradually assimilating local culture; in Tibetan regions it entered into local institutional construction, itself undergoing institutionalization. As different sects formed , Buddhism developed along a similar intrinsic logic in each area , yet was greatly diversified in terms of doctrines , methods of practice , and relations with politics. In the Han area , mutual rejection and permeation of Buddhism with Confucianism and Taoism took place. While on the one hand Buddhism was Confucianized , on the other , a new school , lixue (later dubbed Neo2Confucianism) , featuring concepts like xin (mind) , xing (nature) , yi (principle) and li (norm) , arose , combining Confucianism , Buddhism and Taoism. Confucianism now took a dominant position over Buddhism and Taoism. In Tibetan areas , Buddhism , having been influenced by the indigenous Bon religion , gradually attained dominance. Bon itself , however , having drawn from Buddhist theology, system and rituals , was ultimately marginalized. A centreperiphery relation took form between Buddhism and Bon. We conclude with an account of the inner logic of these divergent development paths in terms of cultural communication.
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| Table of contents | 前宗派時期的兩地佛教:
一.佛教傳入時兩地的社會文化發展水準不同
二.兩地佛教本土化的不同取向
形成宗派後的兩地佛教:
一.兩地佛教宗派形成的外層形式具有許多共性
二.兩地佛教宗派的發展具有相似的內在邏輯
三.兩地佛教宗派演變的不同結果 |
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| ISSN | 10024921 (P); 10024921 (E) |
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| Hits | 510 |
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| Created date | 2008.07.10 |
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| Modified date | 2019.10.14 |
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