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高昌至西州寺院三綱制度的演變
Author 王素
Source 敦煌學輯刊=Journal of Dunhuang Studies
Volumev.1985 n.2
Date1985
Pages79 - 83
Publisher蘭州大學敦煌學研究所敦煌學輯刊編輯部
Publisher Url http://dhxyjs.lzu.edu.cn/
Location蘭州, 中國 [Lanzhou, China]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language中文=Chinese
Keyword寺院三綱; 典座; 高昌國; 雜任; 華言; 高昌郡; 佛教典籍; 悅眾; 佛教寺院
Abstract如所周知,佛教寺院首長,向有“三綱”之目。所謂“三綱”,《僧史略》卷中“雜任職員”條云:“梵語摩摩帝、悉替那、羯磨陀那,華言言寺主、上座、悅眾也。”其中“悅眾”的正式名稱是“維那”。然而,寺院三綱制度究竟建立于何時?后來如何演變?分職何時確定?等等問題,佛教典籍卻沒有明確的解答。我們只知道,佛教自東漢傳入我國,經歷曹魏、西晉,才逐漸興盛。在佛教興盛之前這一時期,寺院規摸不過同于我國的祠堂,形制狹小,事務簡單,僧侶也不多。因此,可以推測,分職明確的寺院三綱制度的建立,是佛教寺院在我國定型并且擴大規模以后的事。但是,推測不等于史實。茲根據新出吐魯番文書,對上述問題作一些解答。
ISSN10016252 (P); 10016252 (E)
Categories歷史
Dynasty高昌
Regions新彊(吐魯番)
Hits486
Created date2008.09.03
Modified date2018.10.17



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