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試論元朝的度僧=On the Ways of Turning Laymen into Buddhist Monks or Nuns during Yuan Dynasty |
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何孝榮 (著)=He, Xiao-rong (au.)
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| Source |
內蒙古大學學報 (哲學社會科學版)=Journal of Inner Mongolia University (Humanities and Social Sciences)
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| Volume | v.38 n.5 |
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| Date | 2006.09 |
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| Pages | 23 - 28 |
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| Publisher | 內蒙古師範大學 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://nmsdxb.imnu.edu.cn/index.asp
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| Location | 呼和浩特, 中國 [Huhhot, China] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者單位：南開大學歷史學院 |
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| Keyword | 元朝=Yuan Dynasty; 度牒=a monk's or nun's certificate issued by the government; 僧尼=the Buddhist monks or nuns; 佛教=Buddhism |
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| Abstract | 元朝度僧，主要有試經度僧、特恩度僧、保舉度僧、鬻牒度僧等形式。度牒質料為羊皮，僧尼世祖時統計為21萬餘人。元朝度僧，形式齊全，經歷著由注重僧尼素質向注重國家經濟收益的政策變化，度僧制度寬縱混亂，僅針對漢地佛教僧童。元朝度僧，對社會來說，維護了元朝的統治，有一定積極意義；同時，大量民眾流入空門，阻礙生產發展和社會進步；僧團中龍蛇混雜，一些僧人作奸犯科，甚至發動和組織反抗元王朝統治的鬥爭。對佛教來說，保持了漢傳佛教的傳承和命脈，卻也使佛學更加不振。
During Yuan dynasty, the main ways of turning laymen into Buddhist monks or nuns were examination in Buddhist scriptures,special imperial approval,recommendation and sale of certificates issued by the government to them. The monk's or nun's certificates were made of sheepskin which were patterned after those rewarded to Japanese monks or nuns who came to China. In the reign of Kublai Khan,there were more than two hundred and ten thousand monks and nuns in China. The various ways of turning laymen into Buddhist monks or nuns during Yuan Dynasty, which were loose and confused, experienced the shift of stress on the intrinsic qualification of the monks and nuns to the economic gains of the government. To some extent, it played a positive role in maintaining the rule of Yuan Dynasty. However, the tonsure and withdrawal from secular life of too many laymen hindered the economic development and social progress. Some of the Buddhist monks committed offences against the law and discipline, even rebelled against the government because the good and the bad mixed together. It helped to maintain the continuity and lifeline of Buddhism, but on the other hand it made Buddhism sink into apathy. |
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| Table of contents | 一、元朝度僧的形式 23
1. 試經度僧 23
2. 特恩度僧 24
3. 保舉度僧 24
4. 鬻牒度僧 25
5. 禁止私度 25
二、元朝度僧中的幾個重要問題 25
1. 度牒質料 25
2. 度牒式樣 25
3. 僧尼數目 26
三、元朝度僧的特點 26
四、元朝度僧的影響 27 |
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| ISSN | 10005218 (P) |
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| Hits | 578 |
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| Created date | 2008.09.18 |
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| Modified date | 2020.02.03 |
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