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從證嚴法師對《無量義經》之詮釋探究其「人間菩薩」思想意涵=A Study of Master Cheng Yen's Thoughts on Humanitarian Bodhisattvas Based on Her Interpretations of the Ananta-nirdesa Sutra
Author 鄭凱文 (著)=Cheng, Kai-wen (au.)
Date2007
Pages191
Publisher慈濟大學宗教與文化研究所
Publisher Url http://www.religion.tcu.edu.tw/
Location花蓮市, 臺灣 [Hualien shih, Taiwan]
Content type博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation
Language中文=Chinese
Degreemaster
Institution慈濟大學
Department宗教與文化研究所
Advisor盧蕙馨;黃國清
Publication year95
Keyword「行經」=the Ananta-nirdesa Sutra; 《無量義經》=the Sutra of Infinite Teachings; 「人間菩薩」=humanitarian bodhisattvas; 慈濟宗=Tzu Chi sect; 靜思法脈=Still Thought Philosophy; 證嚴法師=Master Cheng-Yen
Abstract本研究的主題,乃從證嚴法師對《無量義經》之詮釋,探究其「人間菩薩」思想意涵;並就其中之問題意識,從以下兩方面來探討。目前,在探討有關證嚴法師思想理念的相關論述中,大多基於印順法師「為佛教、為眾生」的皈依淵源,而將其放入「人間佛教」思想下的實踐脈絡,不過,兩者實踐菩薩道的藍圖,雖有交集之處,但在思想方面,卻有著不同的詮釋特色。關於這點,我們可從2006年底,證嚴法師訂立「靜思法脈」與「慈濟宗」的訊息中,進一步推究。換言之,倘若證嚴法師與慈濟團體,在核心經典與思想方面皆傳承自印順法師的「人間佛教」思想,那麼,為何證嚴法師又另宗本《無量義經》而立「靜思法脈」呢?筆者發現,此與證嚴法師最初接觸「法華三部經」的入門背景,應有頗深的關連,其當年參考的佛典詮釋著作,更是其思想啟蒙之關鍵,故本研究首先回溯證嚴法師的早期生命史,再次探討其思想啟蒙的來龍去脈;並論析《無量義經》的背景與義理旨趣,以及證嚴法師對《無量義經》內涵之詮釋。再者,從慈濟創立至今,吾人可從法師長年的語錄與慈濟史脈中發現,證嚴法師的思想乃具有不斷圍繞的核心焦點,即聚焦在「人間菩薩」理念之闡發;而在菩薩道的實踐態度上,又以「行經」的實踐性格為其重要之特色。此兩者之間,有其一以貫之的經典觀與菩薩觀,且於證嚴法師對《無量義經》的詮釋裡,亦蘊含其「人間菩薩」思想的核心精神與「行經」理念之依據。換言之,慈濟
開展的「人間菩薩行」,乃藉由理事不二的經典實踐,在全球各地創發出「貫徹慈悲」的行動特色;對傳承與延伸佛教義理的新途徑而言,不僅重新形塑出「非俗化佛教」的範式,亦創造出了與時代接軌的當代詮釋。

The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the meaning of “humanitarian bodhisattvas” by way of Master Cheng Yen’s interpretations of the Ananta-nirdesa Sutra(the Sutra of Infinite Teachings / the Sutra of Immeasurable Meanings). In sum, the author wants to investigate this theme from the following two perspectives. Most of the current studies of Master Cheng Yen’s thoughts are based on how she took refuge under Master Yin Shun over four decades ago and adopted his instruction to “be committed to Buddhism and to all living beings.” As a result, these studies have categorized Master Cheng Yen’s thoughts under the pragmatic practice of “humanitarian Buddhism.” Indeed, there are many similarities between the two masters’ interpretations of “walking on the Path of the Bodhisattvas.” However, a closer look will reveal that differences do exist between their respective interpretations. This thesis will explore Master Cheng Yen’s unique perspective more deeply by looking at how she promoted the ideas of “Still Thoughts Philosophy” and “Tzu Chi Sect” as they were expressed up to the end of 2006. In other words, if Master Cheng Yen and her Tzu Chi followers completely inherited Master Yin Shun’s philosophy of “humanitarian Buddhism,” why then did Master Cheng Yen trace the root of her ideas to the Ananta-nirdesa Sutra and establish the Still Thoughts Philosophy? The author proposes that the answer to this question is a result of Master Cheng’s initial contacts with the Three Sutras to the Wonderful Lotus Sutras when she became a Buddhist nun over four decades ago. The Buddhist scriptures and sutras that the Master read at the time she shaved her head and became a nun played a crucial role in her understanding of the Buddha’s teachings. The author, therefore, investigates the Master’s early life, explores how she opened her heart to accept the Buddha’s teachings, and analyzes the background and tenets of the Ananta-nirdesa Sutra. Furthermore, he also examines the Master’s interpretations of the sutra. Additionally, the author has found that Master Cheng Yen’s philosophy has focused on promoting “humanitarian bodhisattvas” since the establishment of Tzu Chi. This is evident by closely studying her Still Thoughts Aphorisms. In putting the idea of “walking on the Path of the Bodhisattvas” into practice, she emphasizes the importance of taking a “sutra-practicing” attitude. A close look at the Still Thoughts Aphorisms and the tenets of “humanitarian bodhisattvas” will reveal their common elements, especially in terms of dealing with sutras and bodhisattvas. Additionally, Master Cheng Yen’s interpretations of the Ananta-nirdesa Sutra contain the core spirit of “humanitarian bodhisattvas” and the concept of a “sutra-practicing” attitude. In brief, devotees of Tzu Chi’s “humanitarian bodhisattvas” aim to live up to compassion throughout the world by combining the practice of reasons and events. Master Cheng Yen’s Tzu Chi not only initiated this unique style of “non-mundane Buddhism,” but also established a new interpretation of the Buddha’s teachings more easily accepted by a new era of modern Buddhists. Key words: Master Cheng Yen, Still Thought Philosophy, Tzu Chi sect, humanitarian bodhisattvas, a “sutra-practicing” attitude, and the Ananta-nirdesa Sutra (the Sut
Table of contents第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究動機……………………………………………………………2
第二節 研究目的與背景……………………………………………………5
(一) 研究目的…………………………………………………………5
(二) 研究背景…………………………………………………………6
(三) 研究主軸…………………………………………………………7
第三節 文獻回顧……………………………………………………………8
(一) 研究現況概述……………………………………………………8
(二) 文獻探討…………………………………………………………10
第四節 研究方法與範圍…………………………………………………19
(一) 研究方法與步驟…………………………………………………19
(二) 研究架構與範圍限制……………………………………………23
第二章 《無量義經》與證嚴法師思想源流……………………………26
第一節 證嚴法師早年的生命歷程與轉折………………………………26
(一) 生命轉折…………………………………………………………26
(二) 人格特質…………………………………………………………33
第二節 《無量義經》與證嚴法師之思想啟蒙…………………………41
(一) 關於《法華三部經》內容的參考來源…………………………41
(二) 《無量義經》與《法華經》之間的地位關係-證嚴法師的科判44
第三節 《無量義經》顯揚於慈濟之時序與意義……………………47
第四節 小結……………………………………………………………… 52
第三章 《無量義經》之背景與宗趣…………………………………………56
第一節 《無量義經》背景探析…………………………………………56
(一) 《無量義經序》內容梗概……………………………………57
(二) 《無量義經》來源釋疑…………………………………………60
第二節 《無量義經》義理旨趣與核心內涵……………………………68
(一) 〈德行品〉闡述「法身大士」的修為特質……………………68
(二) 〈說法品〉對「無量義」法門之闡釋………………………75
(三) 〈十功德品〉提出實踐《無量義經》的十種利眾之行………82
第三節 小結………………………………………………………………92
第四章 「人間菩薩」思想意涵與行經特色………………………………95
第一節 溯源初期大乘佛教之菩薩思想…………………………………95
(一) 「發菩提心」與「自利利他」……………………………………95
(二) 「六波羅蜜」與「四無量心」…………………………………101
第二節 比較中國中古時期的佛教實踐………………………………105
(一) 現代慈濟與中古佛教團體「慈悲行動」之分析……………105
(二) 慈悲濟世、無相布施、廣植福田………………………………109
(三) 古今菩薩行之實踐圖象舉隅…………………………………118
第三節 對《無量義經》之當代詮釋── 慈濟「人間菩薩行」……121
(一) 慈濟精神源自《無量義經》…………………………………122
(二) 運用當代題材與古代經典接軌………………………………126
(三) 詮釋轉化的再創造……………………………………………129
第四節 「人間菩薩」思想之「行經」特質………………………………133
(一) 證嚴法師的經典觀……………………………………………134
(二) 證嚴法師的菩薩觀……………………………………………143
第五節 小結………………………………………………………………149
第五章 結論……………………………………………………………153
第一節 證嚴法師核心思想的啟蒙關鍵──「靜思法脈」與《無量義經》的關連性……………154
第二節 《無量義經》背景、宗旨與證嚴法師之詮釋內涵…………157
(一) 經典釋疑與突破運用…………………………………………157
(二) 《無量義經》法義宗趣………………………………………159
(三) 強調「行經」之「人間菩薩」思想與特色…………………161
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………165
附錄……………………………………………………………………………172
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Created date2008.10.17
Modified date2015.06.08



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