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| Author |
冉雲華 (著)=Jan, Yun-hua (au.)
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| Source |
中華佛學學報=Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal=Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies
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| Volume | n.5 |
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| Date | 1992.07 |
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| Pages | 31 - 48 |
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| Publisher | 中華佛學研究所=Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.chibs.edu.tw/publication_tw.php?id=12
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| Location | 新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese; 英文=English |
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| Keyword | 多聞; 佛學; 學佛; 反智主義; 永明延壽; 阿毗曇; 多聞毗; 尼 |
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| Abstract | 為道與為學是宗教研究中的大問題之一. 意見頗不一致
：有的認為學術可以幫助宗教修習; 有的則視為學只是白費
功夫，有礙修行的實際進展. 佛教傳統對此問題的看法如
何，似未為宗教人士所深究. 本文選擇佛教的學術概念「多
聞」為題，通過考察《阿含》,《律典》,《阿毗曇》，大
乘經論，中國佛教著作中，對此問題的記錄，用以確定佛
教傳統中的學術觀. 考察的方法，則以概念史為主，選其代
表性的經論文字，以說明問題的所在及所持的態度.
研究的結果顯示，佛教從開始就重視知識，更重視知行
間的關係. 對寡知的修道者則有嚴厲的譴責. 律典與《阿
毗曇》典籍仍然保持早期的看法，更出現了「毗尼多聞」等
專門知識. 大乘經論則認為多聞可生智慧，但也可能產生學
者的傲慢，所以主張智慧與多聞並重的宗教生活. 中國佛教
對多聞持有兩種態度：一種遵循大乘佛典的指示，力求智慧
與多聞間平衡; 一種為禪宗反智人士的激烈態度，敵視多
聞. 從這演變中，我們可以看出佛教的歷史主流，主張以
學術及智慧並重，達到解脫目的. 只有部分禪者對學術持有
拒絕的態度. 但禪宗某些祖師批評的目標，只是「狂學」
，而非全部學術. 因禪宗對多聞是只彈不贊，這就造成了
一種反智的傾向. 這傾向又因宋明以降，僧人教育水準的
普遍下降，禪宗的態度也可能成某些拒絕宗教學識者的藉
口及依據.
The relation between learning and religious
practice is a complicated and sometimes even a
touchy question. To some people，learning is
essential in religious life; and to the other，it is
redundant. This paper is a study of Buddhist
attitudes towards learning，and its evolution in the
history. The study finds the Agama literature held a
high esteem of learning and even stated that an
ignorant folk might fall into hells. In the Vinaya
and Abhidharma literature，learning still enjoyed
respects in religious life but the scope of learning
became more specific. Mahayana literature recognize
learning is capable of producing wisdom but could
also bringing arrogance to the learner. Learning
still enjoyed respects in Chinese Buddhism，but some
masters of Ch'an Buddhism were critical of 'wild-
learned' individuals. This criticism of learning has
a great influence on Chinese Buddhists, probably one
of the factors responsible for the declining of
Buddhist scholarship in the country. |
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| ISSN | 10177132 (P) |
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| Hits | 1380 |
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| Created date | 1998.07.22
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| Modified date | 2017.06.15 |
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