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| Author |
吳汝鈞 (著)=Ng, Yu-kwan (au.)
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| Source |
中華佛學學報=Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal=Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies
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| Volume | n.5 |
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| Date | 1992.07 |
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| Pages | 149 - 172 |
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| Publisher | 中華佛學研究所=Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.chibs.edu.tw/publication_tw.php?id=12
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| Location | 新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese; 英文=English |
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| Keyword | 印度中觀學; 四句分別; 中道; 四句否定 |
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| Abstract | 本文主研究印度早期中觀學的四句及其否定的意義與
作用. 作者以為，四句是辯證的性格，被視為到真理的途徑
，或有關真理的體認，它有兩方面的作用：教育眾生的作用
與區分不同層面真理的作用. 就教育眾生的作用來說，第一
，二句教育下等根器的眾生，讓他們分別領會真理的正面與
負面; 第三句教育中等根器的眾生，讓他們領會真理的綜合
面; 第四句則教育上等根器的眾生，讓他們領會真理的超越
面. 就區分不同層面真理的作用來說，四句形成一個分類的
體制，表示對同一東西的不同層次的理解：肯定層，否定層
，綜合層與超越層. 作者以為，四句的教育與分類的作用，
都有個漸次升進的傾向，因此是漸的教法.
至於四句否定，作者以為，四句中的任何一句都可以造
成極端的見解，或邊見; 四句否定即是要對這四種邊見同時
否定，而顯示空或中道的義理. 這亦可以說是對概念的限制
性的克服. 這是由於四句的基礎在語言或概念的適用，而概
念是相對性格的. 四句否定克服了這種相對的性格，顯示絕
對的真理，這即是空，中道. 同時，四句是同時被否定的，
絕對的真理正在這種同時否定中展示出來; 故四句否定是頓
的教法.
The article is a study of the meaning and
function of the four alternatives of the Indian
Madhyamika, which includes affirmative and negative
forms. The author holds that the affirmative form of
the four alternatives is dialectical in character
and that it is closely related to the realization of
the Truth. Its function is two-folded：educational
and classifying. It is educational in that the first
and second alternatives teach sentient beings of
inferior talent the positive and negative aspects of
the Truth respectively，that the third alternative
teaches sentient beings of middle talent the
synthetical aspect of the Truth, and that the fourth
alternative teaches sentient beings of superior
talent the transcendent aspect of the Truth. It has
classifying function because it is a device which
classifies the understanding of the same thing into
four different stages, namely，the affirmative
stage，the negative stage，the synthetical stage and
the transcendent stage. The author also maintains
that both the educational and classifying function
of the four alternatives are arranged in a
progressive manner as well as in an ascending order.
Thereby the affirmative form of the four
alternatives is a kind of gradual teaching.
With regard to the negative form of the four
alternatives, the author points out that any one of
the four alternatives, whether it be the
affirmative，the negative，the synthetical or the
transcendent，is apt to result in an onesided and
thus extreme view. The negative form of the four
alternatives is aimed at overcoming these extreme
views and revealing the Truth of Emptiness and the
Middle Way. This overcoming can also be taken as the
overcoming of the limitation of concepts used in the
four alternatives. That is, all concepts are in a
relative nature and thereby obstruct the revelation
of the absolute Truth of Emptiness and the Middle
Way. The negative form of the four alternatives
overcomes this relativity only through which the
absolute Truth can be attained. The author also adds
that in view of the simultaneous negation of the
four alternatives, the negative form of the four
alternatives is, contrastive to the affirmative
form，a kind of sudden teaching. |
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| ISSN | 10177132 (P) |
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| Hits | 2057 |
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| Created date | 1998.07.22
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| Modified date | 2017.06.15 |
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