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| Author |
吳永猛
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| Source |
華岡佛學學報=Hwakang Buddhist Journal
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| Volume | n.6 |
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| Date | 1983.07 |
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| Pages | 203 - 225 |
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| Publisher | 中華學術院佛學研究所 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.chibs.edu.tw/
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| Location | 臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者為文化大學經濟系系主任 |
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| Keyword | 阿含經; 印度經濟社會; 原始佛教 |
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| Abstract | 對原始佛教之研究，阿含經大體上可提供出佛法僧三大
類的資料. 阿含經亦夾雜著不少古印度的社會資料. 本文從
阿含經中擷取有關經濟活動的資料，分別介紹其時代背景，
及農，工，商的情形. 約在紀元前二十五--十五世紀，印
度文明已開始. 紀元前十世紀之時社會四階級的觀念已建立
，鐵器亦使用了. 農具式樣多，穀物已選出好種，灌溉，施
肥，選地，畜牧，植物等都有成就. 因農業促進手工業的發
展，器物洋洋灑灑，品類多以百計，冶金，打鐵，陶藝，製
酒，食品應有盡有. 由工藝行銷，導至商業繁榮，金屬貨幣
當作交易的媒介，借貸頻仍，儲蓄與投資搭配活絡. 因商業
行為重利輕義，社會價值觀發生變化，導向追逐物慾，古道
德倫理發生動搖. 因時代丕變，釋尊以一大事因緣降生於世
，說法利生，為覺醒世人，而興佛教. 釋尊涅槃後，弟子們
結集佛之遺教. 迨至孔雀王朝統一印度，佛教成國教，阿
育王大為弘揚佛法，廣集佛之遺教，使經律論三藏咸備. 故
阿含經可就阿育王的時代為背景，從中亦可提供我們對當時
的印度經濟社會多一點瞭解.
The `Agamas`not only provide ample material
about the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha for the
Study of early Buddhism，but also a lot of informa-
tion about the economic and social conditions of
ancient India. In this article，records concerning
economic activities are taken out of the `Agamas and
introduced to the leader，the historical background
is analyzed，and the agricultural，industrial，and
commercial conditions are related.
The Indian civilization started around the
25th-15th centuries B.C. In the tenth century B.C.
the concept of the four castes had been extablished
and iron tools had been used. There were many kinds
of farming instruments.Cereal seeds were selected,
farms were irrigated，fertilizers were uesed，and
good lands were chosen for farming. Animal husbandry
also showed great achievement. Agricultural success
led to the development of handicrafts. Hundreds of
kinds of things were made. Metallury，blacksmithery,
pottery，wine making were all well developed. Free
trading of handicrafts led to commercial prosperity.
Gold currency was used as medium of trade. Loaning
activities were frequent. Saving and investment were
well-matched.
Commercial activities implied putting profit
before righteousness. People pursued the
gratification of their desires; moral and ethical
values were shaken. It is in this historical
background that `Sakyamuni` Buddha came into the
world. He came for one great cause：to preach the
Law for the benefit of all sentient beings. After
the Buddha's `Nirvana`，his disciples collected his
teaching. When the `Mayura` kingdom unified India,
Buddhism became the national religion. King `Asoka`
was devoted to the prapagation of the Buddha's Law.
He gathered all the teachings and made the
Tripitaka--the Sutra, the Vinaya, and the
Abhidharma--complete. Therefore the `Agamas` provide
us with much information about the economic and
social conditions of `Asoda's` time. |
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| Table of contents | 一、前言 205
二、時代背景 205
1. 史前時代 205
2. 古代前期 206
3. 古代後期 207
三、農業 209
1. 農具 209
2. 穀種 210
3. 灌溉與施肥 210
4. 耕作方式 211
5. 畜牧 212
四、工業 213
1. 冶金工業 213
2. 打鐵工藝 214
3. 陶瓦工藝 214
4. 製酒業 214
5. 服飾業 215
6. 食品業 216
五、商業 218
1. 貨幣與財物 218
2. 交易行為 219
3. 借貸問題 220
4. 儲蓄與投資 221
六、結語 221
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| Hits | 1219 |
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| Created date | 1998.07.22
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| Modified date | 2017.08.17 |
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