論雲岡石佛式樣的源流

陳清香

Author

陳清香

Source

華岡佛學學報=Hwakang Buddhist Journal

Volume

n.6

Date

1983.07

Pages

345 - 376

Publisher

中華學術院佛學研究所

Publisher Url

http://www.chibs.edu.tw/

Location

臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan]

Content type

期刊論文=Journal Article

Language

中文=Chinese

Note

作者為文化大學藝術研究所副教授

Keyword

北魏; 山西; 大同雲岡石窟; 佛教藝術=Buddhist Art; 佛像=Buddhist Statue; 雕刻=雕塑=Sculpture

Abstract

雲岡石佛是我國古代規模巨大的石雕藝術寶庫，早在本
世紀初，即己蜚聲國際，又由於戰亂，有不少石佛流落異邦
，今年應歷史博物館舉辦石雕藝術展之便，而有機會在台北
看到實物，故引起追溯源流之動機.
雲岡初期的面貌呈西方樣式，淵源於犍陀羅，秣菟羅，
笈多等，那是綜合了北印度，中印度，中亞，西域，及薩
珊，羅馬等風格，正是五世紀時代西方重要樣式的一大結合
. 到了第二. 三期以後，漸吸收傳統漢式的技法和風格，而
回復到中國本土的面貌，這也代表了中華民族的容受力和創
造力.
在近年中外考古學家，對絲路沿線遺跡的探討與熱衷中
，雲岡石佛的式樣，為東西交流所寫下的輝煌歷史，必然會
再度引起國際學術界，重新予以評估和重視.
本文自佛像造形，石窟式樣，分別探討來自西方或漢式
固有的淵源，並舉西方樣式與傳統風格以證實之，附圖三十
一幅.

The stone Buddha statues at Yun-Kang are a great
treasurehouse of ancient sculptural art in China.
They have been famous since the beiginning of this
century. Because of constant war，many of the
statues have been dispersed in foreign countries. An
exhibition of stone sculptural are held at the
Museum of History early this year provided an
opportunity for the author of this article to see
for herself these objects of art and aroused her
interest in tracing the sources of the styles of
these statues.

The earlier statues of Yun-Kang were of Western
styles which originated from `Gandhara, ` `Mathura`
,and Upagapta. They were a combination of the styles
of Western China, North India, Central India,
Central Asia, and Rome--a great combination of major
western styles of the fifty century. After the
second and third periods, however，traditional Han
styles and technique were gradually absorbed，and
the statues assumed a native Chinese form.

In this article，the author analyzes the shapes
of the Buddha statues and the stone caves, and tries
to find out their Chinese or Western origins. 31
pictures are provided for comparison.

Table of contents

一、前言 347
二、石佛開窟的緣起 347
三、石窟的內部大要 349
四、石佛的分期 350
五、源於西方的佛像造形 351
六、源於西方的石窟式樣 357
七、因襲傳統的石佛服飾 364
八、因襲漢式的建築式樣 365
九、緣依經典的雕刻題材 370
十、結論 371
附圖說 376

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