寶山大住聖窟初探=A Preliminary Study of the Ta-Chu-Sheng Cave at Mt. Pao

李玉珉 (著)=Lee, Yu-min (au.)

Author

李玉珉 (著)=Lee, Yu-min (au.)

Source

故宮學術季刊=The National Palace Museum Research Quarterly

Volume

v.16 n.2 冬季號

Date

1998.12

Pages

1 - 52

Publisher

國立故宮博物院

Publisher Url

https://www.npm.gov.tw/

Location

臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan]

Content type

期刊論文=Journal Article

Language

中文=Chinese

Note

作者隸屬於國立故宮博物院書畫處

Keyword

大住聖窟=寶山大住聖窟初探=Ta-chu-sheng cave; 寶山=Mt. Pao; 靈裕=Ling-yu; 盧舍那佛=Vairocana; 阿彌陀佛=Amitabha; 彌勒佛=Maitreya; 傳法聖師=Great Buddhist teachers; 北齊=Northern Ch'i; 隋=Sui

Abstract

安陽寶山大住聖窟是中原地區極少數保存完整，且於史有徵的隋代石窟。該窟為齊隋高僧靈裕法師於開皇九年所開鑿的，具體反映其教學內容。全窟採三壁三龕的形制，以盧舍那佛、阿彌陀佛和彌勒佛為主尊，每龕兩側各刻七尊坐佛，入口東側內壁鑴刻二十四位傳法聖師像，石窟內外尚刻寫多部佛經以及諸多佛名，配置井然。根據石窟的布局和刻經內容，大住聖窟一方面在表達靈裕對法滅的憂心，再方面則顯示他積極護法的熱忱。以功能來說，除了可以修習禪觀之外，在此窟中還可以進行禮懺的儀式。大住聖窟是目前可以確認我國最早的一座與懺儀有關的石窟。從布局、刻經內容和造像題材觀之，此窟的不少部分保存了北齊遺韻；但該窟刻題大量的佛名與日趨寫實的造像風格，又為隋代特色。而窟內刻畫的二十四位傳法聖師像，更是龍門唐代石窟祖師像的先聲。可見，大住聖窟在我國石窟史上，有承先啓後的歷史意義。

Ta-chu-sheng ("Preserving the Great Law") Cave is located at Mt. Pao in An-yang, Honan province. An important site not only because it is recorded in historical accounts, it is also one of the rare Sui dynasty caves found in central China.
This cave was designed by Ling-yu, a great Buddhist master of the sixth century, and was carved out in 599. There are three large niches in the north, west and east walls which contain three sets of images－Vairocana Buddha attended by a bodhisattva and a monk, Amitabha Buddha attended by two bodhisattvas, and Maitreya Buddha attended by a bodhisattva and a monk. On either side of the niches are seven Buddha images. Twenty-four Great Buddhist teachers are also engraved on the east wall towards the entrance, while inscribed on the opposite wall are two sutras concerning a prophecy on the decline of the Buddhist Law. Carved on the outer wall of the cave are many Buddhist texts and Buddha names. Evidently, the Ta-chu-sheng Cave is a planned arrangement that reflected the thought of Ling-yu. On one hand, it shows Ling-yu's concern about the decline of Buddhism, while on the other hand it indicates his enthusiasm for preserving the Buddhist Law. In terms of function, this cave served as a site for worshipping Buddhas and doing penance, in addition to doing meditation.
Although the arrangement, content of the engraved Buddhist texts, and the main images in this cave display many similarities to those of other Northern Ch'i (550-577) caves, the numerous Buddha names and more realistic style are characteristic of those of the Sui dynasty (581-618). Furthermore, the 24 Great Buddhist teachers serve as a prototype for the portraits of Buddhist patriarchs that flourished in the T'ang dynasty (618-907). As a result, the Ta-chu-sheng Cave is a landmark site in the development of Chinese Buddhist caves.

Table of contents

前言 1
靈泉寺與靈裕 4
大住聖窟的內容與年代 7
開窟動機 13
圖像義理與石窟功能 20
石窟形制與造像風格 29
小結 33
附錄：大住聖窟題記刻經 34

ISSN

10119094 (P)

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