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On the Earliest Path to the Tathagatahood: A Study in Nikaya Traditions=在最早的成佛之道上 -- 對南傳藏經傳統的研究 |
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| Author |
Mukherjee, Biswadeb (著)=穆克紀 (au.)
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| Source |
中華佛學學報=Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal=Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies
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| Volume | n.13.2 |
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| Date | 2000.05 |
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| Pages | 97 - 155 |
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| Publisher | 中華佛學研究所=Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.chibs.edu.tw/publication_tw.php?id=12
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| Location | 新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese; 英文=English |
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| Note | n.13.2為第13期卷下‧英文篇 |
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| Keyword | Four Jhanas=四禪; Bodhi=菩提; Nibbana-in-this-World=現法涅槃 |
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| Abstract | The Buddhist traditions assert that Gotama was the
first historical person in the world to become the
Buddha, the Tathagata. Non-buddhist traditions
confirm this in an indirect way，for in their
literature none of the non-buddhist teachers was
given the epithet of "Buddha." Gotama became the
Buddha, for he realized the "bodhi," the truly
objective knowledge concerning the destruction of
the asravas or dukkha. In a wider sense the bodhi
can be interpreted as the objective knowledge of
the Conditioned. The realization of bodhi provided
Gotama with the only valid premise for really
ascertaining the existence of the Nibbana, the
unconditioned reality. The existence of the Nibbana
was no longer a matter of faith with him.
This achievement of Gotama revolutionized the
spiritual world of the Sramanas. The pre-Buddhist
Sramanas had not evinced any real interest for
understanding the true nature of the Conditioned;
they were all for attaining a mental state which
offered the closest approximation to the calmness
of the Unconditioned. Their spiritual endeavour
was directed towards the suppression of mental
agitations caused by unwholesome elements like greed,
dukkha etc. but never towards the utter destruction
of such evil elements.
The pre-Buddhists Sramanas mainly practiced either
of the following two systems of meditation：one was
practiced for attaining freedom from the influence
of the feelings; the other aimed at the cessation of
perception and feeling through the gradual elimination
of the perceptions of form，space etc. The fist system
was suitable for the realization of bodhi，for it left
the field of perception intact but showed the way to
overcome the influence of the perceptibles; the other
system was necessary for experiencing the Nibbana-
in-this-world for it gradually obliterates almost all
the traces of the Conditioned.
Gotama was the first historical person who practiced
both the systems, improved upon them，combined them
into one system and realized the ultimate spiritual
goal. The present article attempts a detailed and
critical account of the entire path Gotama traversed
to become the Buddha, the Tathagata.
佛教傳統認為喬達摩是歷史上第一位在這個世界成佛的人
，亦即如來. 非佛教傳統間接證實這種說法，因在他們
的文獻中沒一位佛教外的老師被稱「佛陀」. 喬達摩
之所以成佛，在他了解了漏盡或苦滅的真實知識，那就
是「菩提」. 廣義來說，菩提可以說是處理有為法的客觀
知識. 了悟菩提使喬達摩確證涅槃的存在，那是無為的真
相. 從此，涅槃的存在，也不再僅僅是他個人的信仰.
喬達摩的成就顛覆了傳統沙門的精神世界. 佛教前的沙
門，對有為法的真相顯然並不是真的感興趣; 他們汲汲
於接近無為寂滅的心靈狀態. 他們努力壓抑由貪或苦等不
善念頭所引起的心靈擾動，但卻不設法根除這些惡念.
佛教前的沙門主修習兩種禪法：一種是努力達到不被
感受影響的自在; 另一種則是通過漸次消除形相與空間等
知覺，最終達到滅除受與想的狀態. 第一種禪法能導向菩
提的覺悟，因它完整保留了想，因此而有克服知障的可
能空間; 第二種禪法則為體驗現法涅槃所必要，因它能
逐步去除一切有為法的痕跡.
喬達摩是歷史上第一位同時修習這兩種禪法的人，他不僅
改善這種禪法，並且還將他們結合為唯一的禪法，終而了
悟最終的精神目標. 本文嘗試對喬達摩成佛 -- 如來 -- 的過程
作一詳細而嚴謹的探討. |
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| Table of contents | Summary
First Source
Second Source
Third Source
Spiritual Activities of Gotama Before Attaining the First Jhana
First Jhana
The Second Jhana
Third Jhana
Fourth Jhana
Observations on the System of Four Jhanas
Special Aspects of the Fourth Jhana
Suitability of the Fourth Jhana as a Means of True Knowledge
Realisation of the Three Knowledges (Vijja)
Implications of Bodhi
A Particular Mental State Necessary for Attaining Bodhi
Realization of Nibbana
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| ISSN | 10177132 (P) |
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| Hits | 1637 |
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| Created date | 2000.07.22
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| Modified date | 2017.06.20 |
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