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康僧會《六度集經》思想之研究=A Study of the Main Ideas in "A Collection of the Six Perfection"(Sat-Paramita--Samgiti)Translated and Compiled by Kang Seng Huei
Author 張谷洲 (撰)=Chang, Ku-cho (compose)
Date1999
Pages133
Publisher淡江大學
Publisher Url https://www.tku.edu.tw/
Location新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan]
Content type博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation
Language中文=Chinese
Degreemaster
Institution淡江大學
Department中國文學系
Advisor高柏園
Publication year87
Keyword六度=Six Perfection; 菩薩行=The Training of Bodhi Sattva; 大乘佛教=Mahayana; 佛教政治=Buddhist Politics; 儒佛融合=Buddhism Mingled with Confucianism
Abstract《六度集經》的思想主要有三個重點,一是宣揚菩薩行思想,一是宣揚佛教政治思想,一是積極融合儒家的思想。
為了清楚展現《六度集經》的菩薩行思想,本文首先從各章的序言中,分別摘錄「六度」的含義,接著再從各度的故事裡歸納出為什麼要行六度、行六度的態度、行六度所得的果報等。最後本文以其他大乘佛經的論述,對《六度集經》的六度思想進行補充說明。
就佛教政治思想來看,《六度集經》以佛教的轉輪王為理想,期望君王都能摒持下生人間救度世人的態度來治理國家。在教化思想上,《六度集經》期望君王以佛教的十善道來教化人民。在刑罰思想上,《六度集經》認為人民的犯罪行為都是盲冥無知所造成的錯誤,值得同情,因此期望君王摒持佛教的慈悲,省刑去殺。在國防戰爭思想上,《六度集經》同樣摒持佛教的慈悲,重視不殺的戒律,所以期望君王盡量避免戰爭的發生。在經濟民生上,《六度集經》一方面教導人民,降低欲望,不要沈溺於物質享受;另一方面又對貧困人民十分關心,因此在護法信仰的理念下,積極鼓勵布施行為。
就融合儒家思想來看,《六度集經》融合儒家思想的現象極為明顯。在倫理道德方面,《六度集經》對男女倫常十分重視,展現和印度不同的道德觀,經中也往往在佛教的五戒中加入儒家的道德思想。在政治思想方面,《六度集經》在某些政治思想上,明顯超越佛教政治的範疇,比如政權轉移的天命靡常思想、君王要為治國成敗負責的政治責任思想、遠民慕德歸化的歸仁思想、去國以保民的反戰思想、關心人民經濟的民本經濟思想等等。種種跡象顯示,上述這些思想都不是直接傳承自佛教政治,而是融合儒家政治思想的結果。

There are three main ideas in 《A Collection of the Six Perfection》: to propagate the ideas in "The Training of Bodhi Sattva", to propagate the idea of Buddhist politics and to actively mix Buddhism with Confucianism.
In order to clearly present the thinking of "The Training of Bodhi Sattva" , this article excerpts the meaning of "Six Perfection" from each chapter's introduction separately, and then it also draws a conclusion from each "Perfection" 's story about why practicing "Six Perfection", the attitude we should have when practicing "Six Perfection", and the Karma of practicing "Six Perfection". Accordingly, the theories in this book are not very complete, so with the addition of discussing the idea of this book, this article will also give additional explanations based on other theories in Mahayana scriptures.
In the aspect of the idea of Buddhist Politics, This book regarded the Buddhist cakravartin as an ideal, hoping that rulers could rule their countries based on the attitude that they had come to the world to save people . In regard with cultivating people's thinking, the ideal king put great emphasis on the mind-cultivating function of the Buddhist doctrine. In regard with the penalty thinking, This book considering that the crimes people committed were the mistakes caused by their ignorance, which was pity-worthy, therefore, rulers should base on the Buddhist mercy, save penalty and death sentence. In regard with its concept of national defense and wars, This book still insisted on the Buddhist mercy he rules of no killing, in the hope that rulers could avoid wars as far as possible. In regard with the idea of managing people's lives, on the one hand, it taught people to reduce their desires and not to indulge in material enjoyment. On the other hand, it also showed much concern about poor people, consequently, it earnestly encouraged the behavior of giving.
In the aspect of combining with Confucian thinking, the situations of Buddhism's combining with Confucian thinking were very common and obvious. With regard to ethics, this book emphasized the moral principles between men and women highly, which showed different perspective of morality from that of India's. This book also added the Confucian moral thinking into the Buddhist "Five Don'ts" frequently. In regard to political thinking, this book evidently exceeded the limits of the Buddhist Politics. In some political ideas, like the idea of the changing of the heavenly mandate, the idea of political responsibility, the idea of returning to the ruling of the good rulers, the anti-war idea, and economic idea of people are the foundation of the state, etc. All of these traces indicate that the above ideas don't come directly from the Buddhist Politics. They are the result of Buddhism's mingling with Confucianism's political thinking.
Table of contents第一章 導論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究步驟與進程 2
第三節 《六度集經》的編譯、體例與內容 5
一 《六度集經》編譯的時代背景 5
二 康僧會的生平與思想特色 7
三 《六度集經》的編譯、體例與內容 9
第二章 《六度集經》的菩薩行思想 12
第一節 菩薩與菩薩行 12
一 菩薩釋義 12
二 《六度集經》的菩薩行 15
第二節 《六度集經》的布施思想 18
一 為什麼要布施 19
二 布施的態度 22
三 布施與果報 22
四 《六度集經》布施思想之檢討 24
第三節 《六度集經》的持戒思想 27
一 為什麼要持戒 28
二 持戒的態度 29
三 持戒與果報 30
四 《六度集經》持戒思想之檢討 31
第四節 《六度集經》的忍辱思想 34
一 為什麼要修忍辱 34
二 忍辱的態度 36
三 忍辱與果報 37
四 《六度集經》忍辱思想之檢討 37
第五節 《六度集經》的精進思想 40
一 為什麼要精進 41
二 精進的態度 41
三 精進與果報 43
四 《六度集經》精進思想之檢討 43
第六節 《六度集經》的禪定思想 45
一 為什麼要修禪定 46
二 禪定的態度 48
三 禪定的功效 49
四 《六度集經》禪定思想之檢討 50
第七節 《六度集經》的明度思想 53
一 為什麼要修明度 54
二 修行明度的態度 55
三 明度與果報 56
四 《六度集經》明度思想之檢討 57
第三章 《六度集經》的佛教政治思想 60
第一節 佛教政治的起源與護法信仰 61
一 佛教政治的興起 62
二 「護法信仰」的產生 65
第二節 《六度集經》的君王觀 67
一 理想君王要以佛法治國 68
二 理想君王的出身與進退 72
三 理想君王的治國態度 74
第三節 《六度集經》的佛法教化思想 75
一 佛法教化的重要 75
二 佛法教化的內容 79
第四節 《六度集經》的內政與國防思想 81
一 省刑去殺的刑罰主張 82
二 避免戰爭的國防思想 84
第五節 《六度集經》的民生經濟思想 87
一 《六度集經》對經濟生產的態度 87
二 以布施為主的經濟思想 90
第四章 《六度集經》融合儒家的思想 94
第一節 倫理道德的融合 94
一 儒佛道德思想的差異 94
二 孝順觀念的融合 97
三 男女倫常的融合 101
四 五戒觀念的擴大 104
第二節 政治思想的融合 105
一 天命靡常觀念的融合 106
二 政治責任觀的融合 111
三 王道歸仁思想的融合 114
四 去國保民思想的融合 118
五 經濟思想的融合 120
第五章 結論 124
第一節 《六度集經》思想的特色 124
第二節 《六度集經》思想的省思 126
參考書目 128
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Created date2000.11.27
Modified date2023.01.17



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