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二乘人迴小向大之考察
Author 釋長慈
Source 福嚴佛學院第九屆學生論文集 上冊
Date2002.06
Pages451-475
Publisher福嚴佛學院= Fu Yen Buddhist Institute
Publisher Url http://www.fuyan.org.tw/
Content type專題研究論文=Research Paper
Language中文=Chinese
Keyword迴小向大; 迴向; 三乘
Abstract原始佛教時代,聖弟子們修學聖道、證得聖果,向來都為佛陀所稱揚讚嘆,無學的四果阿羅漢更是佛弟子們修學聖道的終極目標. 在《阿含經》中,證得阿羅漢果位的聖弟子們都會記說自己[我生已盡,梵行已立,所作已作,自知不受後有. ] 這樣的描述表示了阿羅漢是已究竟解脫而達到終點了. 部派佛教時代,大眾部的大天五事引起了教界對阿羅漢是否究竟的爭議,這透露出聲聞人自覺所證之不究竟的反省,雖已自覺到阿羅漢的不究竟,唯佛才究竟的事實,如何才能進一步從阿羅漢達到佛的究竟圓滿卻沒進一步說明.
在大乘佛典成立的時代中,較早集出的教典如《般若經》.《維摩詰經》等,同樣認為證得了阿羅漢是無法成佛的,而承襲[般若] 思想的《法華經》開展出[會三歸一,開權顯實] 的教說,意即二乘人所證的涅槃是不究竟的,三乘是方便,一乘才是真實.
二乘人究竟能否迴小向大,即三乘是真實,還是一乘是真實,這是古來一直爭論的課題,本文中,筆者擬從不同的初期大乘經論中,探討此課題的思想演變其背後之因. [真常唯心系] 的教典主張一切眾生皆能成佛,若二乘人能迴小向大,其將耗費多少的時間?而這與修學菩薩道須三大阿僧祇劫比起來,何者是捷徑?何者是迂迴?本文將就此等問題一一來進行探究.
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Modified date2014.06.11



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