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沙門不敬王者論 --「不為不恭敬人說法戒」及相關諸問題 =Should Śramana Pay Homage to the Monarch? A Case Study of the Prātimoksa
Author 康樂 (著)=Kang, Le (au.)
Source 新史學=New History
Volumev.7 n.3
Date1996.09.01
Pages1 - 48
Publisher新史學雜誌社
Publisher Url http://saturn.ihp.sinica.edu.tw/~huangkc/nhist/
Location臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language中文=Chinese
Note作者單位:中央研究院歷史語言研究所
Keyword沙門=śramana; 白衣=laymen; 王者=monarch; 戒律=conon
Abstract在傳統印度的種姓秩序裡,婆羅門一向踞有最高的社會位階,而沙門(遁世者,包括佛教僧侶)由於與婆羅門一樣擁有宗教性的權威,基本上也能得到其他三個種姓(剎帝利、吠舍與首陀羅)-有時甚至還包括婆羅-的禮敬。作此背景下,佛教律典裡會出現「不爲不恭敬人說法」(只有當「聞法者」是個「病人」的情況下才可以例外)、「僧尼不應禮白衣」等等規定,實不足爲奇。
印度的這種社會位階,歷千百年來並無太大的變動,換言之,婆羅門與沙門基本上一直都能受到其他三個種姓的禮敬。往此情況下,「不爲不恭敬人說法」與「僧尼不應禮白衣」的規定,照說是沒有任何必須更動的理由,即使是號稱「入世」的大乘佛教,在其經典中也還要特別強調「法師」的地位在「君主」之上。因此,當我們發現某些中文佛教律典裡,「不爲不恭敬人說法」的戒律條文將本來只有「病人」的「例外情況」擴大解釋到包括「君主」、「大臣」、或甚至「地主」的場合時,我們就不得不懷疑這些「例外條文」的來由。本文所要處理的就是此一問題。

In the Buddhist canon (prātimoka), there are some items related to the principle of "not preaching to the person of bad manner." However, among the various Chinese editions of these commandments, we find these items considerably different from each other, not only in letter but also in spirit. Since some of the sentences obviously contradict the Eluddha1s original teachings, the authenticity of these sentences becomes suspectable. As a study of the sinicization of Buddhism, this essay analyzes the Buddha's teachings about the relationship between śramana and laymen (including the monarch), as well as the background for the appearance of those "suspectable" sentences.
Table of contents一、印度的沙門與王者 2
二、不為不恭敬人說法戒 13
三、不依國主,則法事難立 23
四、大乘戒律一一《梵網經》的立場 30
五、結論 35
ISSN10232249 (P)
Hits554
Created date2004.04.09
Modified date2020.10.05



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