敦煌唐代的文殊菩薩圖像試析=A Preliminary Study of the Tang Dynasty Manjusri Images at Dunhuang

潘亮文 (著)=Pan, Liang-wen (au.)

Author

潘亮文 (著)=Pan, Liang-wen (au.)

Source

敦煌研究=Dunhuang Research

Volume

n.3 (總號=n.139)

Date

2013.06

Pages

86 - 102

Publisher

敦煌研究編輯部

Publisher Url

http://www.dha.ac.cn/

Location

蘭州, 中國 [Lanzhou, China]

Content type

期刊論文=Journal Article

Language

中文=Chinese

Note

作者單位：臺南藝術大學藝術史學系。

Keyword

文殊菩薩=Manjusri Bodhisattva; 法華經變=Lotus Sutra illustration; 昆侖奴=Black slaver; 五臺山=Mount Wutai; 于闐王=King of Khotan; 善財童子=Sudhana（Translated by WANG Pingxian）

Abstract

透過對現存敦煌文殊作品的觀察,考量其所在位置,歸納作品構成形式與圖像元素的發展概況。初唐時,除第220窟外,都見有法華經變作品,說明與法華經關系較密切。盛唐時,獅子圖像與初唐一樣是最明確的特征,也見有一組后來常見的大菩薩與俗裝眾隨侍以及昆侖奴,但未形成固定模式。昆侖奴的出現,說明佛教造像除以佛經為文本外,亦納入社會流行的題材。中唐時,與法華經變同時出現的情形減少,見有五臺山圖的文殊或在背景中加入更多山水云彩表現,應與五臺山文殊信仰有關。晚唐時,無論其所在位置或作品組合要素,皆延續中唐發展。五代宋時,增加于闐王駕獅子與善財童子,或佛陀波利與大圣老人的形象。依敦煌寫本資料,可知是與中原往來密切有關。

This paper presents a summary of the development of the composition and iconographic elements of the Manjusri images at Dunhuang by studying the extant works and their positions. In the Early Tang period,the image of Manjusri appeared together with the Lotus Sutra illustration except in cave 220, suggesting a close relationship between Manjusri and the Lotus Sutra illustration. In the High Tang dynasty, the lion was the most specific character of the Manjusri images just as it was in the Early Tang period. There was also a group of great bodhisattvas with their followers in secular clothes and the slave of Kunlun, which was not stylized then but common in later periods. The appearance of the slave of Kunlun indicates that Buddhism not only based its images on Buddhist scriptures, but also borrowed popular themes from social life. In the Middle Tang period, the paintings with both Manjusri and the Lotus Sutra illustration decreased, and the appearance of Manjusri together with the map of Mount Wutai, or more landscape added in its background, suggests it was associated with the Manjusri worship in Mount Wutai. In the Later Tang period, the Middle Tang images were followed regardless of their position or the composition. In the Five Dynasties and Song periods, the image of a lion driven by the King of Khotan and the slave of Kunlun or Sudhana were added owing to the close relationship between Dunhuang and the Central Plains, as verified by Dunhuang documents.

Table of contents

初期階段 87
初唐時期 87
盛唐時期 89
中唐時期 91
晚唐時期 94
敦煌文獻資料中的文殊菩薩 97
新樣式文殊作品的出現 98
昆侖奴出現的可能背景 100
小結 100

ISSN

10004106 (P)

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