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唐宋摩利支菩薩信仰與圖像考=A Study on the Cult and Imagery of the Bodhisattva Mārīcī in the Tang and Song Dynasties |
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李玉珉 (著)=Lee, Yu-min (au.)
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| Source |
故宮學術季刊=The National Palace Museum Research Quarterly
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| Volume | v.31 n.4 夏季號 |
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| Date | 2014.06 |
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| Pages | 1 - 46 |
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| Publisher | 國立故宮博物院 |
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| Publisher Url |
https://www.npm.gov.tw/
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| Location | 臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者單位：國立故宮博物院書畫處。 |
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| Keyword | 摩利支菩薩=Mārīcī; 唐代=Tang dynasty; 宋代=Song dynasty; 不空=Amoghavajra; 天息災=Devasanti; 帕拉王朝=Pāla dynasty; 中印交流=Sino-Indian exchange |
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| Abstract | 摩利支天原是雜密的一位神祇，隨著密教的發展，逐漸從天部變成菩薩，甚至於躋身佛母之列。祂的信仰源遠而流長，本文旨在梳理藏傳佛教傳入中土以前、唐宋時期摩利支天信仰和圖像的發展脈絡。
六世紀初菩提流支即將梵本《摩利支天經》譯成漢文，可惜當時並未引起太多的注意。直到八世紀中葉，在不空的推動和皇室的支持下，摩利支天信仰終於在中國開花結果，摩利支天像也應運而生。宋代是中國摩利支菩薩信仰發展的關鍵時期，宋初天息災譯《佛說大摩里支菩薩經》，豐富了此菩薩信仰和圖像的內容。南宋時，摩利支菩薩靈驗故事的流傳和高僧的弘揚，也促使摩利支菩薩信仰蓬勃發展。從圖像來看，宋代摩利支菩薩像較唐代更加多彩多姿，雖然依舊可見唐式持扇的天女造型，但以多首多臂為主流；南宋末，又吸收一些道教元素，出現了手擎日、月的摩利支菩薩像。
Mārīcī originally was a deity in "mixed" Esoteric Buddhism. As Esoteric Buddhism evolved, the deity gradually was transformed from a devī into a bodhisattva, even rising to the rank of Buddha-mother. The cult surrounding this figure has a long history, with this study focusing on the development of the Mārīcī cult and imagery by sifting through materials from the period before Tibetan Buddhism was introduced to China as well as the Tang and Song dynasties.
In the early sixth century, Bodhiruci translated the Sutra of the Mārīcī Devī into Chinese, but it largely went unnoticed at the time. Not until the middle of the eighth century, when Amoghavajra was actively engaging the support of the imperial clan, did the Mārīcī cult finally began to take root and flourish in China, also corresponding to the time when images of Mārīcī became popular. The Song dynasty was a key period for the development of the Mārīcī cult in China. In the early Song dynasty, Devasanti translated Sutra of the Mārīcī Bodhisattva Spoken by the Buddha, which greatly enriched the contents of the cult and related imagery. In the Southern Song period, efficacious stories about Mārīcī abounded as a greater importance attached by the active promotion by high monks led to the rapid development of the Mārīcī cult. Iconographically speaking, Song dynasty images of Mārīcī are much more diverse than those of the Tang dynasty. Though the form of a devī holding a fan is still retained from the Tang dynasty, the form of a multi-headed and multi-armed bodhisattva became the mainstream. And by the late Southern Song, some Daoist elements were also incorporated into the iconography, yielding images of Mārīcī Bodhisattva holding a sun and moon. (Translated by Donald Brix) |
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| Table of contents | 一、引言 2
二、摩利支天經典 4
三、唐、五代摩利支天信仰 7
四、唐、五代摩利支菩薩像 12
五、宋代摩利支天信仰 15
(一) 唐、五代傳統的繼續發展 16
(二) 高僧的弘揚 17
(三) 政局動盪不安 17
六、宋代摩利支天像 20
七、結論 30
附錄一 A類敦煌《摩利支天經》寫本經文 33
附錄二 B類敦煌《摩利支天經》寫本經文 34
引用書目 35 |
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| ISSN | 10119094 (P) |
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| Dynasty | 宋代 |
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| Regions | 中國; 印度 |
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| Hits | 1124 |
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| Created date | 2014.07.18 |
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| Modified date | 2023.12.28 |
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