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唐宋時代譯語人的一側面=The Occupation of an Interpreter in Tang-Song Period in China |
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| Author |
高田時雄
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| Source |
International Conference at Princeton University=普林斯頓大學學術國際研討會
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| Date | 2014.09.06 - 08 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://csr.princeton.edu/dunhuangmanuscripts/
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| Location | New Jersey, US [紐澤西州, 美國] |
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| Content type | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | Author Affiliations: Kyoto University |
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| Abstract | 在古代中國接待外國使節抑或進行外交交涉時，譯語人的存在當然對有效的溝通語言是不可或缺的。自古以來中國傳統官制具備了譯語人一職即證明其需要。然而遠在東西南北的邊疆地區存在多數不解漢語的外族，沒有譯語人的幫助，就不能想像圓滑有效的行政活動。但中央官制不及邊疆，每個地區只能隨其特殊性由當地官憲設法採用臨時措施以應其需。自然發生的民間譯語人有時也會得到官方的認可。此文在先行研究的基礎上，從語言社會史的立場以敦煌吐魯番以及東方沿海地區為對象企圖探索唐宋時代譯語人的真實實況。在吐魯番地區，大部分從事譯語一職的是粟特人，而在東方沿海地區給日本求法僧承擔譯語的是以山東沿海為地盤建設社團的新羅人或者明州一帶的海商。各地活動的譯語人，其出身不是一樣，但譯語人這一職業的本質與商業活動有著密不可分的關係，從文獻資料也可以歸納出他們是商人這一事實。
It goes without saying that in Ancient China interpreter was indispensable at the occasion of receiving foreign envoys or carrying out diplomatic negotiations. We can find a post of interpreter in the government of successive dynasties from the Han. This fact shows clearly that the demand for interpreter had long existed. Nevertheless, in remote boundary areas, where a lot of ethnic groups did not understand Chinese, we can imagine that smooth administrative activities could not be expected without the existence of an interpreter. As the system of the central government did not reach the boundary areas, local officials were forced to be prepared to deal with the affairs according to the special circumstances of the areas. In some cases, private interpreters which had been doing their business on their own risks could get an official license. This paper is intended as a historical socio-linguistic investigation of the real facts about the interpreters of the Tang-Song period especially for the Dunhuang and Turfan areas and the coastal areas in the East. In Turfan, the majority of the interpreters were Sogdians, and in the coastal areas in the East, the
interpreters who served as an interpreter for the Japanese Buddhist pilgrims were Silla Koreans who had established their colonies along the coast of Shandong and the Chinese merchants from Mingzhou
(Ningbo). Racial and ethnic background of each group of interpreters varies according to the area in which they were working. Still the essentials of the interpreters were inseparably associated with their business activity. Historical documents support the fact that they were merchants as well. |
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| Hits | 310 |
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| Created date | 2015.01.13 |
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| Modified date | 2015.08.18 |
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