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Diction and Metaphor in Dunhuang Healing Liturgies=敦煌患文中的措辭和譬喻 |
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| Author |
Teiser, Stephen F.
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| Source |
International Conference at Princeton University=普林斯頓大學學術國際研討會
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| Date | 2014.09.06 - 08 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://csr.princeton.edu/dunhuangmanuscripts/
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| Location | New Jersey, US [紐澤西州, 美國] |
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| Content type | 會議論文=Proceeding Article |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Note | Author Affiliations: Princeton University |
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| Abstract | This paper analyzes the language of the most common healing liturgy (患文) among the
Dunhuang manuscripts, focusing on word choice (diction) and figures of speech (metaphor). It
assumes a scale of judgment defined by two extremes. At one extreme are expressions linked
unambiguously to Indic models and specialized Buddhist terms in the Chinese Buddhist corpus.
At the other pole are words with a long pre-Buddhist history in the Chinese language or strongly
non-Buddhist associations. In between is a wide range of indigenous Chinese Buddhist discourse,
including Buddhist terms that do not require specialized knowledge to be understood.
The conclusion finds that the healing liturgy uses terms from both extremes as well as the
middle ground between them. The Indic or Buddhist terms include numbered doctrinal
categories, Buddhist deities, basic Buddhist physiological concepts, standard Buddhist metaphors,
ideas about merit, allusions to well-known events in Buddhist history, honorific names for the
Buddha, terms transliterated according to their sound, and Indian toponyms. At the other end of
the linguistic spectrum are words deriving from basic Chinese cosmology and physiology,
reduplicated terms, pairs of antonyms, verbs, auxiliary verbs, and grammatical constructions
based on vernacular and classical Chinese. Occupying the middle ground are a large number of
words that could be understood in either a Buddhist or non-Buddhist sense—or neither. These
include metaphors for healing, expressions developed within the Chinese Buddhist liturgical
tradition, references to the afterlife, and other words that occur in the corpus of Chinese texts
translated from Indian originals.
A final section of the paper discusses the hybrid nature of Chinese Buddhist liturgical
language, implications for the study of Chinese Buddhism, and the importance of the Dunhuang
liturgical corpus for future research. An appendix provides a critical edition and unannotated
English translation of the primary text.
這篇文章分析了敦煌文獻中最常見的患文的語言，主要是詞彙的選擇(措詞)與比喻修辭的方法（譬喻）。 我的衡量標準採用了兩個極端的語言方式。第一個極端是直接了當地延用印度模式和特殊的在中國佛教中頻繁使用的佛教術語。 另一極端是使用中國本土語言中的出現在佛教史前的表達法或者說是根本與佛教無關的語言。介於這兩個極端之間的是一大批中國本土佛教表達法，包括那些不需要特別的佛學知識就可以理解的佛教術語。
我的研究表明患文中使用的語言有兩個極端也有處於兩個極端中間的那部分。印度傳承的佛教術語包括名數，教義的分類，佛教神眾，基本的佛教生理學，常規的佛教譬喻，功德思想觀，佛教歷史中的名人軼事的典故，佛的尊稱，音譯詞彙和印度地名。在語言學的另一端是取自最基本的中國宇宙觀和生理觀，重疊詞，成組的反義詞，動詞，助動詞，和以口語與古典漢語為基礎的語法結構。居於中間部分的是一大批既可以在佛教和非佛教，或兩者都不是的情景中使用的詞彙。它們是治療疾病的譬喻，來自於中國佛教儀禮傳統中的表達法，有關死後生活的提示，還有從印度佛典翻譯過來的中國文獻借用的詞彙。
此篇論文的最後的一部分將探討中國佛教儀禮語言的混合性，及其於中國佛教研究的關聯以及敦煌儀禮文獻對未來研究的重要性。附錄將提供患文的校錄和英文翻譯。 |
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| Hits | 485 |
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| Created date | 2015.01.13 |
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| Modified date | 2015.08.18 |
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