敦煌隋代法華主題洞窟初探=An Investigation of the Saddharma-pundarika Pictures in the Dunhuang Grottos of Sui Dynasty

郭祐孟

Author

郭祐孟

Source

蘭州大學學報(社會科學版)=Journal of Lanzhou University(Social Sciences)

Volume

n.4 (總號=n.140)

Date

2006

Pages

42 - 59

Publisher

蘭州大學

Publisher Url

http://www.lzu.edu.cn/

Location

蘭州, 中國 [Lanzhou, China]

Content type

期刊論文=Journal Article

Language

中文=Chinese

Keyword

隋代=Sui Dynasty; 法華主題=Saddharma-pundarika theme; 圖像結構=visual structure; 莫高窟419窟=Grotto No.419; 莫高窟420窟=Grotto No.420

Abstract

莫高窟第419和420窟完成于仁壽以后,是在隋代佛教發展到巔峰的背景下營造的,以一種非禪修氣氛的姿態出現,419窟凸顯諸佛的教化,420窟象征諸佛的教化。本文將420窟頂經變細節重新仔細比對,發現這原是兩鋪經變,是法華經變和涅槃經變的巧妙組合,反映當時法華與涅槃思想并重,而且有以法華融攝涅槃的情形。而其中的普門品變相非常詳細,開后世“觀音經變”的先河。也將前輩學者所認讀的“見寶塔品變相”加以重新斟酌,提出這應該是在表現《普門品》的一部分；說明了早期以二佛并坐為主題的禪觀圖像,到了隋代并未出現在法華經變,這是很值得注意的事。另外,419窟平頂繪彌勒說法圖、菩薩授記圖、思惟菩薩圖與正龕主佛間的聯系,人字披本生故事畫的存在意義等等,以及兩窟共同表現維摩經變的原因等問題,也都加以探索,認為出此雙窟反映當時的義學結構。其實,像419、420窟這樣的圖像結構,很可能遠承自鳩摩羅什所謂般若與法華雙美的路徑,《維摩詰經》在這樣的氛圍之下,也參與了這一段佛教歷史的心靈工程。“開三顯一”、“開近顯遠”兩者是佛說《法華經》之宗趣,419、420窟其實是雙美齊彰,展現法華化世的強烈魅力。

Grotto No.419 and Grotto No.420 of the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang were excavated in Sui Dynasty, when Buddhism of the Sui developed to its zenith.No.419 depicts the actual transformations of the buddhas and No. 420 is more a symbolic manifestation of this transformation.Two different sects of the Buddhist thoughts intertwine in the pictures of Grottos No.420:the Saddharma-pundarika sutra and the nirvana sutra,which indicates that both were flourishing in the Sui Dynasty although the former seems to overwhelm the latter.With reference to previous studies,the author maintains that this is part of the scriptures of the Universal Gate.All the pictures in Grottos No.419 show that they were evolved from the traditional started by Kumarajive.The paper further shows,with substantial examples,that the two sects worked together to contribute to the artistic merits of the two grottoes.

Table of contents

一、序說 42
二、莫高窟地419和第420窟的石窟形制與造像內容 43
三、莫高窟第419和第420窟的圖像結構試析 48
四、莫高窟第419和第420兩窟之間的圖像關聯與互補 54
五、小結 55

ISSN

10002804 (P)

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