北朝鄉里制與村民的生活世界 -- 以石刻為中心的考察=The Xiangli System during the Northern Dynasty and the World the Villagers Lived in: An Investigation Based on Stone Inscriptions

侯旭東 (著)=Hou, Xu-dong (au.)

Author

侯旭東 (著)=Hou, Xu-dong (au.)

Source

歷史研究=Historical Research

Volume

n.6

Date

2001

Pages

16 - 29, 189

Publisher

中國社會科學院

Publisher Url

http://www.cass.net.cn/

Location

北京, 中國 [Beijing, China]

Content type

期刊論文=Journal Article

Language

中文=Chinese

Note

作者單位：中國社會科學院歷史研究所

Keyword

北朝; 鄉里制; 三長制; 村民生活; 石刻

Abstract

學界一般認為：北朝時期，鄉村因實行三長制而不存在鄉里編制。其實在實行三長制的同時，北朝鄉村依然存在廣泛的鄉里編制。約自北魏太和年間開始直到北朝末，除北齊時京畿地區不設鄉里之外，均設有鄉里編制。不同於前代的是，北朝的鄉里具有劃定的地域，這可能與實行均田制有關。鄉里編制雖然普遍存在，但在實際生活中似乎未受到村民的積極認同；相反，他們對世代生活其中的村落表現出更強的歸屬感，並依托「村」組織活動，官方的鄉里設置在村落受到架空。

It is generally believed in academic circles that during the Northern dynasty the Xiangli administrative system in which a xiang (county) was divided into several li (locality) ceased to exist with the establishment of sanzhang (literally "three heads," that is, of lin, li, and dang, all local administrative units) system. But this was not so. Despite establishment of the sanzhang system, the xiangli system survived in rural areas during the Northern dynasty. With the exception of areas around the capital of Northern Qi, in the period from about the Taihe reign of Northern Wei to the end of Northern dynasty the xiangli system prevailed throughout the countryside. During the Northern dynasty, in contrast to previous dynasties, xiangli had fixed geographical boundaries, perhaps reflecting the system of equal allotment of land. Despite its ubiquitousness, however, ordinary villagers did not identify with the xiangli system in their everyday lives; rather, they showed a strong sense of belonging to the villages where they had lived for generations. Basing their activities on the village, the xiangli system existed for them only in form.

Table of contents

一鄉里制考實 17
二鄉里制的特點 20
三鄉里制出現背景的推測 25
四鄉里與村民生活 26
五結語 29

ISSN

04591909 (P)

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