佛教「水陸法會」對道教文化的融攝=The Taoist Amalgamation of Buddhist

洪錦淳 (著)=Hung, Jin-Chun (au.)

Author

洪錦淳 (著)=Hung, Jin-Chun (au.)

Source

興大人文學報=Journal of Humanities College of Liberal Arts National Chung Hsing University

Volume

n.34

Date

2004.06

Pages

123 - 151

Publisher

國立中興大學文學院

Publisher Url

http://www.cla.nchu.edu.tw/index.php

Location

臺中市, 臺灣 [Taichung shih, Taiwan]

Content type

期刊論文=Journal Article

Language

中文=Chinese

Keyword

道教; 水陸法會; 水陸儀軌; 齋懺; 佛道文化融合; 道教科儀

Abstract

佛教對中國而言是一個外來的宗教，歷經時代的融通淘汰，逐漸轉型為漢化的宗教，其表現漢化宗教特質有多端：在義學發展上以天臺為代表，在生活調適上以禪為導師，在信仰上以淨土為最後歸趣，在儀式上以密教最豐富，在宗教活動上則以齋懺最流行。本論本旨在研究佛教齋懺中最為完熟的「水陸法會」，企圖理解「水陸法會」如何吸納道教宗教特質而成為一個漢化的佛教齋懺。
本論文分為：一、簡介「水陸法會」的歷史成因、內容，建立此法會粗淺的概念。二、觀察歷史上佛道相爭與「水陸法會」的關連，試圖釐清「水陸法會」在歷代佛道兩教宗教論諍的重要性。三、細細追查「水陸法會」對道教神祇的接納與安置，從而理解佛教對兩教融合的應變方式。四、探求「水陸法會」對道教科儀的沿用、應用，方便理解佛教如何透過儀式的轉化而融入本土。五、結論，通過研究「水陸法會」對道教的融攝，昭示佛教漢化的意義、本質。

To China, Buddhism once was an exotic religion, has ben gradually transformed into a native one through coadapted amalgamation with time. Divert features of Chinese religions can be found in it: Tien Tai typifying the development of thoughts, Zen instructing life adjustments, pure land as the aimed religious termination, Esoteric Buddhism with the richest ceremonies, and the Jhai-chan as the most popular religion. This study focuses on the finely developed Shui-lu Ceremony in Buddhist Jhai-chan, temps to comprehend how Shui-lu Ceremony absorbs the religious characters of Taoism to turn into a native Buddhist Jhai-chan.
This study includes five parts: One, introducing the historical origin, comprehension and the brief conceptions of organizing Shui-lu Ceremony. Two, through observing the connections between historical controversies events rising within Buddhism and Taoism and Shui-lu Ceremony, try to find out the significance of Shui-lu Ceremony. Three, the meticulous searches for Shui-lu Ceremony adoptions and emplacements of Taoism Gods help realize Buddhist adaptable plans to amalgamate the two religions. Four, seeking for the adoptions and applications of Taoist ceremonies in Shui-lu Ceremony is convenient to conceive how Buddhism became a native religion through transformed ceremonies. Five, by studying Shui-lu Ceremony adoptions of Taoism, the conclusion of this study illustrates the meanings as well as the essences of a native Buddhism.

Table of contents

一、「水陸法會」簡介 124
(一) 內壇 ── 佛事凡五日 125
(二) 外壇 ── 佛事凡七日，設壇六處 125
二、「水陸法會」與佛道之爭 126
三、「水陸法會」的道教神祇譜系 129
四、「水陸法會」的道教科儀 135
(一) 奉請儀式 135
(二) 符籙牒文的運用 139
(三) 紙馬、紙船、紙錢的焚燒 142
五、結論 144

ISSN

17278562 (P)

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