「阿攬」與「浮(口知)」：吐魯番粟特胡名中的佛教因子=

王睿 (著)=Wang Rui (au.)

Author

王睿 (著)=Wang Rui (au.)

Source

歷史研究=Historical Research

Volume

n.3

Date

2011

Pages

78 - 90 + 190 - 191

Publisher

中國社會科學院

Publisher Url

http://www.cass.net.cn/

Location

北京, 中國 [Beijing, China]

Content type

期刊論文=Journal Article

Language

中文=Chinese

Note

作者單位：暨南大學華僑華人研究院

Keyword

吐魯番文書; 阿攬; 浮(口知); 佛教; 祆教

Abstract

入華粟特人所受佛教影響，不僅表現在信仰上，也體現於胡名中。吐魯番文書中與佛教有關的粟特人名，除「佛」、「僧」、「尼」等常見胡名外，還有一些隱晦不明的用字，比如「阿攬」和「浮(口知)」。「阿攬」是佛教色彩極濃的祆神之名，其詞源和阿蘭人無涉，卻與中亞布哈拉古都「阿濫謐」及唐代名禽「阿濫堆」有關：「阿濫謐」音義與梵文「阿濫摩」、「阿蘭若」相合；云雀別名「阿濫堆」則可與印度鳴禽「迦蘭陀」對證。「浮(口知)」是華化佛名，「浮」字義為「佛」，「(口知)」乃附在「浮」字之後的轉[音]譯符號，意指佛祖的覺悟；就中古擬音而言，也不排除「浮(口知)」就是「菩提」(bodhi)的可能。這些名例既是粟特文化多元性的重要表徵，也是佛教文化間接傳播的典型案例。

The influence of Buddhism on Sogdians who had migrated into China was reflected not only in their beliefs, but also in some of their hu (胡, non-Han) names. Sogdian hu names found in Turfan literature include, besides the commonly seen fo (佛, "Buddha"), seng (僧, "monk") and ni (尼, "nun"), some still obscure words, such as A Lan (阿攬) and Fu Tie (浮(口知)). A Lan is a Zoroastrian god with a strong coloring of Buddhism. The word has no etymological connection with its homonyma lan (阿蘭), but instead is related to the ancient capital Alanmi (阿濫謐) in Central Asia and a well-known bird, alandui (阿濫堆), in the Tang Dynasty. The pronunciation and meaning of Alanmi is akin to the Sanskrit wordārāma or aranya, while the alandui, or skylark, is related to an Indian bird called the kalandaka. Fu Tie (浮(口知)) is a Sinicized name for the Buddha: Fu (浮) means Buddha, and Tie (口知) is a phonetic transcription meaning the Buddha's enlightenment. The reconstructed pronunciation system of middle antiquity does not rule out the possibility that Fu Tie is bodhi (菩提). These names were both important symbols of the diversity of Sogdian culture and classic examples of the indirect spread of Buddhist culture.

Table of contents

一、緣起與背景 78
二、「阿攬(欖)」 80
(一) 「阿蘭」非「阿覽」辨 82
(二) 「阿濫謐」的佛教淵源 84
(三) 「阿濫堆」與「迦蘭陀」 85
三、「浮(口知)」 87
(一) 「浮」和「(口知)」是分開的，前者義為「佛」，後者指佛的覺悟 87
(二) 不排除「浮」就是「菩提」(bodhi)的可能 89

ISSN

04591909 (P)

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