清宮藏「白上樂王佛」圖像溯源

張雅靜

Author

張雅靜

Source

故宮博物院院刊=Palace Museum Journal

Volume

n.4

Date

2013

Pages

46 - 60

Publisher

紫禁城出版社

Publisher Url

http://www.culturefc.cn/index/product.jhtml?act=index

Location

北京, 中國 [Beijing, China]

Content type

期刊論文=Journal Article

Language

中文=Chinese

Keyword

白上樂王佛; 若必多吉; 三百佛像集; 五百佛像集; 藏傳佛教

Abstract

在故宮博物院所藏佛像中,有種名為"白上樂"的佛像,雙身、一面兩臂,男尊兩手各持一寶瓶,交叉于胸前并擁抱明妃,明妃兩手均持顱碗。這些上樂像均為清宮舊藏,且樣式并不常見。通過查看各種佛教圖像集成,發現與之相同的白上樂,只見于《三百佛像集》和《諸佛菩薩圣像贊》。再通過閱讀文獻,得知清宮白上樂主要用于長壽修法。同樣用于長壽修法的白上樂,在《五百佛像集》中也有一尊,其身形與清宮白上樂完全不同。兩尊功能相近的白上樂,卻顯示出相異的圖像特征。清宮所藏白上樂來自何處?因何出現在清宮之中?又與《五百佛像集》中的白上樂有何異同?針對以上問題,本文進行了詳細的探討。

Among the statues and images of Samvara Buddha(Shànglè Fó)in the collection of The Palace Museum now are there dozens of rare portraits of the Buddha inscribed or titled ever since the Qing court with Chinese characters of"白上樂"(Bái Shànglè)which was translated from ’bDe mchog dkar po’ or ’White Samvara Buddha’,who is seated cross-legged hugging his consort in the Yab-yum posture while holding an amrta-kalasa in his either hand,the consort lifts two Kapalas up in both of her hands over his shoulders towards the back side of his head whereas.None of the look-alike images have ever been found except from volumes of Three Hundred Images of The Buddhas(Sān Bǎ i Fóxiàng Jí)and Enlogies to The Sacred Images of The Buddhas and Bodhisattva(Zhū Fó Púsà Shèng Xiàng Zàn).The seated figure of ’bDe mchog dkar po’(Bái Shànglè)in The Palace Museum has close tie with the practice dharma for long life the way as the standing image of ’bDe mchog dkar po tshe sgrub’(Chángshòu Báisè Shànglè Wáng Fó)included in Five Hundred Images of The Buddhas(Wǔ Bǎi Fóxiàng Jí),but they are different by origin.There is a detailed discussion as to the issues concerning their sources in this thesis.

Table of contents

一、故宮博物院所藏白上樂像 47
二、白上樂像出現於清宮的原因 51
三、長壽白上樂像的來源 54
四、結論 60

ISSN

04527402 (P); 04527402 (E)

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