純粹的卡里斯瑪及其傳導性：當代康區及果洛地區藏傳佛教轉世喇嘛的心景=Genuine Charisma and Its Transmissibility:The Inner Landscape of Reincarnated Lamas in Contemporary Tibetan Buddhism in Kham and Golok

郁丹=Yu, Dan Smyer

Author

郁丹=Yu, Dan Smyer

Source

西北民族研究=Northwest ethno-national studies

Volume

n.2 (總號=n.69)

Date

2011

Pages

34 - 44

Publisher

西北民族大學《西北民族研究》編輯部

Publisher Url

http://www.xbmu.edu.cn/frontIndex.action?siteId=1

Location

蘭州, 中國 [Lanzhou, China]

Content type

期刊論文=Journal Article

Language

中文=Chinese

Note

美國國際教育交流協會

Keyword

卡里斯瑪=Charisma; 轉世喇嗎=reincarnate Lama; 佛教=Buddhism

Abstract

本文旨在對當代康區及果洛地區藏傳佛教在復興背景下純粹的卡里斯瑪(genuine charisma)現象進行一種社會學的研討,其關注的焦點是當代我國境內藏傳佛教的轉世喇嘛的內質及其集體功能。在理論層面上,這篇文章質疑了馬克斯·韋伯(Max Weber)的觀點,他僅將卡里斯瑪看作個人人格魅力,并且認為它經歷著一個日常化(routinization)及最終消亡(demise)的過程。作者基于對藏族深具魅力的轉世喇嘛及其與寺院制度共生關系的認識,提出了在藏文化情境中,純粹的卡里斯瑪不僅是以個體人格為中心的現象,更關鍵的,它還是古老宗教體系集體性的表現。這類佛教里的純粹卡里斯瑪,不僅其再生得到了藏傳佛教寺院制度的支撐,甚至還可以在希望獲得它的人們身上傳導。

This article is intended as a sociological interpretation of genuine charisma in the context of contemporary Buddhist revival in Kham and Golok.It focuses on the inner quality and the collective function of Tulkus [reincarnated Lamas]in the current Tibetan Buddhist revival inside China.On the theoretical level,this article argues against Max Weber’s typology of charisma exclusively as a personal quality that is subject to routinization and demise.Based on the author’s ethnographic recognition of the symbiotic relationship between Tibetan charismatic Tulkus and their monastic institutions,this article presents a case of genuine charisma in Tibetan context not as merely a personality-centered phenomenon but,more critically,as a collective affair in an ancient religious system.The reproduction of this type of Buddhist genuine charisma is positively sanctioned by Tibetan monastic institutions,and is transmissible to those who wish to acquire it.

Table of contents

宗教神聖性中轉世喇嘛神賦魅力的集體性 35
轉世喇嘛制度中卡裡斯瑪的內在狀態 39
轉世喇嘛內質的可傳導性 41
補語———宗教裡純粹的卡裡斯瑪及其制度化的共生關係 43

ISSN

10015558 (P)

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