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巴它麻扁：緬甸佛學考試及其影響=Pahtamapyan:Burmese Buddhist Examination and Its Impact |
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釋祖道 (著)=HlaKyu (au.)
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| Date | 2012 |
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| Pages | 105 |
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| Location | 臺南市, 臺灣 [Tainan shih, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Degree | master |
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| Institution | 國立成功大學 |
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| Department | 歷史學系碩博士班 |
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| Advisor | 鄭永常 |
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| Publication year | 100 |
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| Keyword | 巴它麻扁=Pahtamapyan; 佛學考試=Buddhist Examination; 緬甸寺院教育=Monastic Education; 出家文化=Culture of entering novicehood; Pariyatti Sasana |
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| Abstract | 甸的佛學考試，從1638年的「巴它麻扁」（Pahtamapyan）佛典考問大會到當代的「三藏考試」，已有三百多年的歷史。中間只因英國佔領全緬初期的前十年，以及第二次世界大戰而中斷兩次，共計約十三年以外，一直延續至今。儘管三百多年來的佛學考試，就考問內容、形式、等級等等都隨著時代轉變而有所變化，但「巴它麻扁」始終是檢核佛學相關知識的指標。
本文旨在了解「巴它麻扁」的起源，以及它在帝王時期、殖民政府和獨立後等不同時期所扮演的功能性變化以外，更著重探究「巴它麻扁」能夠一直延續至今的原因。基本結論有三：一、考試內容是緬甸人族群認同、思想文化、倫理道德、文學藝術的根，在本文第二章討論；二、「巴它麻扁」是緬甸早期文人科舉考試制度，是緬甸社會階級流動的一股力量，於本文第三章討論；三、佛學考試是政教關係中的重要一環，以及僧眾管理方面的助益，在本文第四章探討。
在探討佛學考試的過程中，除了了解緬甸佛學考試的特殊情況外，也能知曉緬甸的宗教、教育、文化的關聯性以及彼此相互間的影響，尤其緬甸人的短期出家文化之儀式典禮，與帝王表揚能參與佛學考試的優秀生息息相關。
The Buddhist Examination in Burma (Myanmar) has more than 300 years of history, from the earliest record of the “Pahtamapyan” in 1638 CE up to today’s “Tipitaka Selected Examination.” The Buddhist Examination has been interrupted only twice during this long history: the first time for ten years when the British Empire occupied the whole of Burma and the second time for about four years during World War II. Although the contents, forms, and names of grades may have changed from time to time during these 300 long years, the “Pahtamapyan” has always been the main indicator for evaluating Buddhist knowledge in Burma.
Other than aiming to understand the origin of the “Pahtamapyan,” the role it played during the imperial period, the colonial government and post-independence periods, including functional changes in these different periods, this article places emphasis on exploring the possible reasons for it continuation till today. There are three basic conclusions: firstly, the examination contents are the root of Burmese ethnic identity, ideology, ethics, culture, literature and art, which is discussed in the second chapter in this article. Secondly, in addition to being the imperial examination system for selecting scholars, the “Pahtamapyan” examination was also the main vehicle for social mobility in imperial Burma which is chronicled in chapter three. Finally, the Buddhist Examination was an important part of Burma’s political-religious relationship serving as a useful method of monk management by the government as detailed in chapter four.
In exploring the Burmese Buddhist examination process, bedsides understanding the special circumstances surrounding it, one can also be aware of Burma's religious, educational and cultural relevance as well as their mutual influences. In particular, the cultural rituals and ceremonies of becoming a novice, which symbolizes becoming an adult, are closely related to the Emperor rewarding the outstanding participants in the Buddhist examination. |
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| Table of contents | 第一章 緒論 1
第一節：研究背景 1
第二節：研究動機 4
第三節：重要文獻評述 6
第四節：研究方法、限制與綱要 7
第二章 緬甸文化的奠定與早期全民教育 10
第一節：緬甸歷史概觀 10
第二節：緬甸史前史與緬甸人的族群認同 12
第三節：上座部佛教奠基與語文、文學發展 15
第四節：帝王時期民眾教育與教學概況 18
第五節：小結 28
第三章 佛學考試(PAHTAMAPYAN)與出家文化 30
第一節：巴它麻扁的起源及其時代背景 30
第二節：巴它麻扁的考試內容與獎賞 37
第三節：佛學考試與出家文化 42
第四節：小結 51
第四章 政教關係中的佛學考試 53
第一節：帝王時期僧眾管理與僧伽佛學考試 53
第二節：殖民時期的佛學考試 64
第三節：獨立後佛學考試之傳承與發揚 70
第四節：小結 76
第五章 結論 79
附錄一、緬甸帝王年表 90
附錄二、波道帕耶頒布之考試相關敕令 94
附錄三、南傳大藏經結構、緬甸三藏考試範圍及封號 102 |
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| Hits | 131 |
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| Created date | 2016.08.11 |
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| Modified date | 2016.08.11 |
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