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Astrological Iconography of Planetary Deities in Tang China: Near Eastern and Indian Icons in Chinese Buddhism=唐代中國星曜神祇的占星術圖像：中國佛教中的近東與印度圖像 |
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| Author |
Kotyk, Jeffrey
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| Source |
Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies=中華佛學學報
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| Volume | v.30 |
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| Date | 2017.07 |
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| Pages | 33 - 88 |
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| Publisher | Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies=中華佛學研究所 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.chibs.edu.tw/
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| Location | 新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese; 英文=English |
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| Keyword | Tang Dynasty=唐朝; planets=星曜; astrology=占星術; navagraha=九曜; Iran=伊朗; Tejaprabha=熾盛光佛 |
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| Abstract | This study examines the planetary icons found in East Asian art, arguing that they should be divided into three sets: Indian, zoomorphic and Iranian-Mesopotamian. It is demonstrated that the Indian icons are earlier representations of the navagraha directly from India. The latter two are identified as coming from an Iranian source. The Iranian-Mesopotamian icons are further discussed in relation to parallels found in the Picatrix, the Latin translation of an Arabic manual of astral magic. The roles of these icons within the magical traditions of Buddhism and Daoism are identified. It is proven that such astral magic was also imported from Near Eastern sources. The evolution of the icons of Rahu, Ketu, Yuebei 月孛 and Ziqi 紫氣, i.e., the set of four pseudo-planets 四餘 in East Asian astrology is also discussed. It is argued that it was most likely Sogdian Nestorian Christians who transmitted the Iranian icons into China.
本文研究東亞藝術中的行星(星曜)圖像，主張應將其劃分為三種類型：印度風格、動物風格和伊美風格。本文證明印度式圖像極為早期直接從印度傳入的九曜(navagraha)，而另兩種則可確定是源自伊朗。在對伊美圖像進一步討論的過程中，將會涉及到一部拉丁文本 Picatrix 中的相似紀錄，此拉丁文本是譯自一部阿拉伯文占星術手冊。此外，本文確認這些圖像在佛教和道教法術傳統中所扮演的角色，以及證實此類占星術也是引進自近東文獻。本文亦討論東亞占星中的四餘，即羅睺、計都、月孛和紫氣等圖像的演進。而最有可能將伊朗圖像引入中國的，應非粟特景教徒莫屬。 |
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| Table of contents | Introduction 35
Tejaprabha Buddha 37
Desriptions and Depictions of Planetary Deities 39
Indian Planetary Deities 41
Zoomorphic Planetary Deities 43
Iranian-Mesopotamian Planetary Deities 46
Iranian-Mesopotamian Mars 48
Iranian-Mesopotamian Mercury 51
Iranian-Mesopotamian Jupiter 52
Iranian-Mesopotamian Venus 54
Iranian-Mesopotamian Saturn 55
Hellenistic Precedents 58
Rahu and Ketu 59
Yuebei and Ziqi 62
Source of the Iran Icons 64
Implications 66
Conclusion 68
References 70
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| ISSN | 23132000 (P); 23132019 (E) |
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| Hits | 1694 |
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| Created date | 2017.07.05 |
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| Modified date | 2018.09.04 |
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